treatments for Sz Flashcards
what is a typical antipsychotic
-effective at treating the positive symptoms of Sz
-bind to dompamine receptors in the mesolimbic area
-they block the action of dopamine receptors
what is an example of a typical antipsychotic
-chloropromaine
-initally dopamine levels build up until its production is reduced which normalises the amount of dopamine
what is an atypical antipsychotic
-its acts on serotonin and glutamate receptors
-it only temporarily binds to dopamine receptors
-dopamine then rapidly dissociates to allow normal dompamine transaction
-effective at treating both positive and negative symptoms
what is an example of an atypical antipsychotic
-risperidone
-has fewer side effects as it only needs a smaller dose
-better complience which means you can get better and go back to work and boost the economy
supporting evidence for the use of atypical anti psychotics
meltezer- atypical antipsychotics are more effective than typical antipsychotics especially in treatment resistant cases where 30-50% of typical antipsychotics have failed
what is some supporting evidence for the use of antipsychotic drugs
Leucht
carried out a meta-analysis of 65 studies
-some where given a placebo and some stayed on there antipsychotic dugs
-those who took the placebo has a 64% relapse rate
-those who took the antipsychotic drugs had a 27% relapse rate
describe how CBT occurs
- Patients describes their experiences and beliefs
- Normalisation-doctor explains patients beliefs are normal under certain circumstances
- Doctor challenges beliefs to correct the biases in their reasoning
- Doctor asks patients to develop alternative explanations for their beliefs. and test the validity of their beliefs
-this helps correct there dysfunctional though processing
supporting evidence for the use of CBT
NICE-compared antipsychotics with CBT and found that CBT was more effective and reduced relapse rates and improved social functioning
what is some more supporting evidence for the use of CBT
Kart A review article which concluded that CBT is an effective therapy, particularly in treating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
what are some limitations of CBT
addington and addignton found that self-reflection may not be appropriate during the accute phase of there illness
economic implications-cost of training, attending the therapy
how does family therapy occur as a way of treating Sz
- you need to educate family members about the illness this way you can dispel any misinformation the may have on the illness
- You need to teach coping strategies so they can better cope with the stress
- You should also change the communication style to reduce levels of EE
what is some supporting evidence for the use of family therapies
pharoah compared antipsychotics with family therapy
those who underwent family therapy are more likely to be more consistent with there medication
less likely to relapse
however, only in some pts did this improve symptoms of Sz
who found some more supporting evidence for family therapies
lobban analysed the results of 50 family therapy studies and found that 60% of studies reported a significant positive outcome.
what are some economic implication of family therapies
NICE-found that family therapies are more likely to take there medication so less likely to relapse so wont go back to hospital so reduced number of SZ pateints to look after
how do you manage patients symptoms in Sz
Patients are given reward tokens when they engage in positive, adaptive behaviour.
Tokens can be exchanged for rewards.
The patient learns to repeat positive, adaptive behaviours through positive reinforcement.
they are used to manage the patients behaviour
what is some supporting evidence for the use of tokens in Sz
Dickerson conducted a review of 13 studies and found that 11 reported that their was beneficial effects of the use of token economies
however, there was no control group so we cant establish cause and effect relationships
what are some strengths of token economies
Token economies may be useful for patients whose symptoms are mild and who need some motivation to enable them to cope with everyday challenges such as social interaction and personal hygiene
A programme of token economy behaviour management is less potentially harmful than drug therapy so it may be more ethically valid to some extent
what are some weaknesses of token economies
may not be useful outside a hospital setting as people with Sz arent consistency monitored
-positive behaviour cant be immediately rewarded so they are less likely to form an association
kazdin found that the effectiveness may be influence by the amounts of time between behaviour and being presented with the token
may be considered unethical-participants are treated as children which is humiliating and may cause distress
-participants may become over-dependant on rewards which have negative effects once they leave
what is an example of the interctionist approach
diathesis stress model-combines both nature and nurture
it says we a genetic vulnerability that is triggered by an event in the environment
what is some supporting evidence for the interactionist approach to explaning Sz
cannon reviewed available evidence and found a positive correlation between birth complications and later vulnerability to developing Sz which shows genes interact with our environment and could potentially trigger the disorder
what is some supporting evidence for the interactionist approach to explaining SZ
barlow and durand found that having a genetic vulnerability through having a family history for Sz and there being a dysfunctional stressor elevated the chance of you developing Sz.
describe some interactionist treatments
combing anti-psychotic medication with CBT is most effective
what is some supporting evidence for interactionist treatments
Morrison and turkington reported that drug treatments and CBT produced better rates of symptom reduction and relapse then drugs or CBT alone,
why may an interactionist approach to treating SZ be more effective
-more hollistic
-takes into account nature and nurture
