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year 1 Psychology > approaches-psychodynamic approach > Flashcards

approaches-psychodynamic approach Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the driving force behind out behaviour

A

the driving force behind out behaviour is the unconscious mind

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2
Q

how can we resolve problematic or challenging behaviour

A

if we have problamatic or challenging behaviour we must access the unconscious mind to resolve it.

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3
Q

what is pivotal in making us the person we are

A

early childhood is pivotal in making us the person we are

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4
Q

when is most of our psychological development formed

A

most of our psychological development is argued to be formed prior to the age of 6

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5
Q

what structure does our psyche (personality) have

A

tripartite structure

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6
Q

what motivates our behaviour

A

its our psyche that motivates our behaviour

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7
Q

how is personality constructed

A

personality is constructed through the psychosexual stages of development

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8
Q

how are the unconscious mind conflicts in the psyche mediated

A

the unconscious mind conflicts in the psyche are mediated by processes called defence mechanisms

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9
Q

what is the conscious mind

A

its visible to all, we are aware of it and its the part of the mind we have access to.

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10
Q

what is the preconscious

A

-its made up of thoughts that may surface at any point into the conscious
-it also acts as a guard controlling the information that’s allowed to enter into conscious awareness

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11
Q

what is the unconscious mind

A

-its the driving force behind our behaviour
-its contains contents that are unpleasant, unacceptable eg-feelings of pain, anxiety and embarrassment

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12
Q

how does the unconscious protect the conscious

A

-the unconscious acts as a repository (place to store things) for traumatic events. Its argued that these traumatic events drive our behaviour
-using defense mechanism eg-denial, repression and displacement.

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13
Q

what do psychodynamic theorists suggest

A

events and memories are never truly forgotten and can be explored through psychoanalysis

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14
Q

what is the underlying unconscious drive

A

the underlying unconscious drive is sexual

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15
Q

what happens if a conflict is experienced during the psychosexual stages of development

A

if conflict is experienced during the psychosexual stages of development it can affect an adults personality

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16
Q

how can the unconscious mind reveal itself

A

dreams
Freudian slips

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17
Q

what shapes the development of the three parts of the personality

A

early experiences and conflicts in childhood

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18
Q

what does much of our behaviour come from

A

conflict between the three especially when the Id or superego are dominant

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19
Q

what is healthy personality

A

strong ego that balances the demands of the Id and superego
the id or superego shouldn’t become dominant as they could adversely affect behaviour

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20
Q

when does the id form

A

birth to 18 months

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21
Q

what is the id reffered to as

A

the pleasure principle as it consists of primal urges (drives) which seek instant gratification

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22
Q

what does the id focus on

A

its focusses on self (selfish)
its irrational and emotional and deals with feelings and needs
-it resides in the unconscious part of the minds

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23
Q

when does the superego develop

A

3-6 years

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24
Q

what is the superego also known as

A

morality principle

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25
Q

how does the superego arrise

A

through identification with the same sex parent. Its the internalised parent and develops in response to parental discipline at around 5 years old.

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26
Q

how does the ego punish the superego

A

the superego punishes the ego through guilt

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27
Q

where does the superego reside

A

in the unconscious part of the mind

28
Q

when does the ego develop

A

18 months to 3 years

29
Q

what is the ego also known as

A

the reality principle. It comes to a rational decision about behaviour

30
Q

how does the ego satisfy the id

A

it satisfies the if in a socially desirable way
it delays the ids drive for pleasure (delayed gratification)

31
Q

where does the ego reside

A

the conscious part of the mind

32
Q

what are defence mechanisms

A

methods we use to unconsciously reduce anxiety

33
Q

how does the ego help manage the conflict between the Id and superego

A

the ego helps manage the conflict between the id and superego by providing a compromise to solutions

34
Q

how does anxiety influence the ego

A

anxiety weakens the influence of the ego which needs to be strong to mediate between the id and superego

35
Q

what is repression and how does it affect behaviour

A

where an unpleasant memory is pushed into the unconscious mind therefore is not accessible to the conscious mind and cant cause anxiety
effect-people cannot recall the situation

36
Q

what is denial and how does it affect behaviour

A

refusal to accept the reality of an unpleasant situation this reduces the anxiety cause by the situation
effect-they may believe the situation is not negative and therefore should not cause anxiety

37
Q

what is displacement and how does it affect behaviour

A

when a strong emotion is displaced onto a neutral object/person rather than the trigger of the emotion. This reduces anxiety by allowing expression of that emotion
effect-they exhibit a strong emotion but focus it on an uninvolved person

38
Q

negative evaluation of defence mechanisms
(testibility)

A

lack of testibility/falsifiability since defense mechanisms are unconscious processes they cannoy be studied directly therefore it is not scientific

39
Q

supporting evidence of denfence mechanisms
(repression)

A

gagnepain, henson and anderson wanted to see if repressing memories into the unconscious mind affects behaviour
these repressed memories didn’t affect behaviour as they couldn’t be recalled showing we repress traumatic memories

40
Q

supporting evidence of defence mechanisms
(abuse)

A

William found from women who suffered childhood sexual assaults
-38% had no recall of the abuse
and of those who did recall it
-16% at one time hadn’t been able to recall it
this suggests painful memories can be forgotten then later recorved supporting the idea of repression

41
Q

what must happen at each stage of the psychosexual stages of development

A

there is an unconscious conflict at each stage which must be resolved before the next stage is reached

42
Q

what happens if children fail to resolve a conflict

A

if a child fails to resolve a conflict at each of the psychosexual stages, they may develop a fixation where they display certain behaviours/characteristics in their adult life.

43
Q

age + focus of pleasure at oral stage

A

0-2 years
mouth-mothers breast is focus of desire

44
Q

description + fixation at oral stage

A

the infant experiences pleasure through the mouth
they experience gratification through…
orally passive behaviours eg- sucking
orally aggressive behaviours eg-biting
oral fixation-smoking ,nail biting, overeating or gum chewing

45
Q

age + focus of pleasure at anal stage

A

2-3 years
child focus on holding/expelling faeces

46
Q

description + fixation at anal stage

A

child must undergo potty training to control bowel movements
anal retentive-becomes an obsessive perfectionist
anal expulsive-becomes messy and thoughtless

47
Q

age + focus of pleasure at phallic stage

A

3-5 years
focus of pleasure is the genitals
oedipus complex-boys
electra-girls
boys must overcome unconscious sexual desire for opposite sex parent by identifying with same sex parent
phallic fixation-reckless and narcissistic behaviour

48
Q

age + focus of pleasure at phallic stage

A

3-5 years
focus of pleasure is the genitals
oedipus complex-boys
electra-girls
boys must overcome unconscious sexual desire for opposite sex parent by identifying with same sex parent
phallic fixation-reckless and narcissistic behaviour

49
Q

age + focus of pleasure at latent stage

A

6-12
hidden
sexual energy has become latent so the individual can focus on the world around them and form friendships. early years are forgotten

50
Q

age + focus of pleasure at genital stage

A

12- adulthood
sexual desires become conscious with the onset of puberty
libido is focussed on the genitals
energy is directed towards forming adult relationships
difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

51
Q

mnemonic to remember psychosexual stages of development

A

old age pensionars like grapes

52
Q

issues and debates

A

look in booklet

53
Q

supporting evidence for freud theory on the unconscious brain
(brain making a choice)

A

chun siong soon found that our brain makes a decision to press a button with your right or left hand 10 seconds before you consciously make that decision

54
Q

supporting evidence for repression
(memory traces)

A

using fmri scans gangnepain found memory traces had been weakened by repression

55
Q

how is psycholohy not a science
(falsifibaility/testability)

A

the psychodynamic approach its not empirically testable as it occurs at an unconscious level so its impossible to test so lacks scientific rigour
you cant disprove it so it lacks falsifiability

56
Q

how does it lack reliability

A

freud used case studies so it lacked reliability

57
Q

how else isn’t it scientific

A

it subjective-unconscious thoughts can only be inferred from behaviour/reported experiences

58
Q

what type of science is it

A

pseudoscience-as its a theory not based on facts

59
Q

does the psychodynamic approach believe in free will or determinism

A

psychic determinism-believes we have no control over out actions as out behaviour is determined by childhood experiences

60
Q

what did sue and sue argue about the psychodynamic approach

A

-The psychodynamic approach is culturally biased
-sue and sue said it had little relevance for people from a non-western culture

61
Q

practical applications of psychodynamic approach
(therapy)

A

-it introduced the idea of psychotherapy
-he also introduces psychoanalysis where a range of techniques are used to access the unconscious

62
Q

how does psychoanalysis help clients

A

it brings repressed emotions into there conscious mind so they can be dealt with

63
Q

what is psychoanalysis the forerunner for

A

psychoanalysis is the forerunner for many modern day talking therapies like counselling

64
Q

what empirical evidence is there to support psychoanalysis

A

biskup found 77% of patients using psychoanalytic therapy showed clinically significant improvements

65
Q

limitations of psychoanalysis
(serious mental disorder)

A

it may be harmful for those with serious mental disorders eg-schizophrenia as they have lost there grip on reality and cannot articulate there thoughts in a way required by psychoanalysis

year 1 Psychology (47 decks)

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