approaches-the humanistic approach

Question 1

how does this approach believe we can grow as individuals

Answer 1

it believes we are driven to grow as individuals and reach out full potential and that when this growth is prevented by external factors this results in psychological problems

Question 2

what does this approach stress about human beings

Answer 2

approach aims to stress the innate godness, unqiueness and potential of human beings

Question 3

is this approach idiographic or nomothetic

Answer 3

idiographic-focuses on the individual and their unique experience

Question 4

as every individual is unique what do humanists believe

Answer 4

-they believe we are all different and should be treated as such
-there is no point making generalizations as there are too many differences

Question 5

why should psychology consider subjective experiences

Answer 5

humanists believe we are self-determining and therefore unqiue so psychology should consider subjective experiences

Question 6

does this approach believe in free will or determinism

Answer 6

free will-you have control over your own behaviour

Question 7

how does every individual have free will

Answer 7

as we have the ability to choose what we do + are in control of our behaviour

Question 8

what are some ways we may have constraints on out free will

Answer 8

laws in society put constraints on our free will
however this is not against the concept of making a choice but reduces the number of options

Question 9

what is an implication of the belief of free will

Answer 9

as we choose our behaviour this places responsibility onto them

Question 10

is the behaviourist approach reductionist or holistic

Answer 10

hollistic-if you reduce them down to component parts what is affecting them may be missed
its argued taking a holistic view improves validity

Question 11

why don’t humanists think the scientific method is appropriate to measure behavior

Answer 11

they think the scientific method tries to be too objective yet humans are subjective in the way they think and behave

Question 12

how do humanists measure behaviour

Answer 12

-case studies
-observations
-interviews

Question 13

what do humanists believe our innate drive is

Answer 13

humanists believe everyone had an innate drive to achieve there full potential

Question 14

what is self-actualisation

Answer 14

the ultimate feeling of well-being and satisfaction
-a strong feeling of completness

Question 15

what is our hierachy of needs called

Answer 15

Maslows hierachy of needs

Question 16

nmonic for Maslows hierachy of needs

Answer 16

Phil-psychological needs-lowest
Sleeps-safety and security
Longitudinaly-love and belonging
Expect-esteem
Sundays-self-actualistion-highest

Question 17

draw Maslows hierachy of needs

Question 18

how did rogers state self actualisation needs to be achieved

Answer 18

our self-concept (the self you feel you are) and our ideal-self (the person you want to be) need to be congruent(match)

Question 19

what is congruence

Answer 19

when your self-concept and ideal-self match

Question 20

what is incongruence

Answer 20

when theres a disparity between your ideal self and self-concept

Question 21

what do you need to be to reach the state of self-actualistaion

Answer 21

in order to self-actualise you need to be fully functioning
a fully functioning person has achieved congruence and understands there own feelings and places deep trust in there own instinct

-to become a fully functioning person you need unconditional positive regard which means you are loved unconditionally

-this can be impacted by conditions of worth which are limits the individual feels they need to meet to be loved

conditions of worth, uncondtional positive regard, fully functioning

Question 22

what are psycholgical issues a direct result of

Answer 22

psycholgical issues are thought to arise as a direct result of conditions of worth

Question 23

what did rogers develop

Answer 23

client-centered therapy

Question 24

what is client-centered therapy

Answer 24

the belief that the client is the best expert on himself/herself and should therefore be helped to find their own solution to there own problem

Question 25

what should the therapist do to there client

Answer 25

make them feel comfortable and accepted

Question 26

what should the therapist ensure there client feels

Answer 26

the therapist should provide there client with unconditional positive regard this allow them to resolve conditions of worth and guide clients towards self-actualisation

Question 27

what is some supporting evidence for the humanistic approach
(conditions of worth)
AO3

Answer 27

Harter found supporting evidence for conditions of worth
he found that teenagers who had conditions of worth imposed onto them and felt they had to fulfil those conditions to gain parents approval even when it clashed with there own views where more likely to develop depression

Question 28

what is some more supporting evidence for the humanistic approach
(therapies)
AO3

Answer 28

elliot-in a meta-analysis of 86 studies this showed humanistic therapies promoted significant improvements in clients when compared with people not receiving treatment

Question 29

what is some criticisms of Elliots supporting evidence
AO3

Answer 29

the therapy is based on clients opinions so its subjective therefore not valid

Question 30

what disorders would client centered therapy be less effective in treating
AO3

Answer 30

schizophrenia-as they have lost there grip on reality and cant articulate whats real and fake

Question 31

Negatives of humanistic approach
(abstract concepts)
AO3

Answer 31

self-actualisation and congruence are abstract concepts so you cannot test it scientifically with empirical evidence so it lacks scientific rigour

Question 32

what is the focus on self (self-actualisation) critized for being
AO3

Answer 32

-its critisised for being culture-specific
-Nevis found that self-actualisation was defined more as contributions to the community than individual development

Question 33

debates regarding the humanistic approach
A03

Answer 33

ignores biological explanations for behaviour. Tries to be hollistic but ignores reductionist approaches eg-biological so cannot treat psychological disorders with biological causes