approaches-the humanistic approach Flashcards
how does this approach believe we can grow as individuals
it believes we are driven to grow as individuals and reach out full potential and that when this growth is prevented by external factors this results in psychological problems
what does this approach stress about human beings
approach aims to stress the innate godness, unqiueness and potential of human beings
is this approach idiographic or nomothetic
idiographic-focuses on the individual and their unique experience
as every individual is unique what do humanists believe
-they believe we are all different and should be treated as such
-there is no point making generalizations as there are too many differences
why should psychology consider subjective experiences
humanists believe we are self-determining and therefore unqiue so psychology should consider subjective experiences
does this approach believe in free will or determinism
free will-you have control over your own behaviour
how does every individual have free will
as we have the ability to choose what we do + are in control of our behaviour
what are some ways we may have constraints on out free will
laws in society put constraints on our free will
however this is not against the concept of making a choice but reduces the number of options
what is an implication of the belief of free will
as we choose our behaviour this places responsibility onto them
is the behaviourist approach reductionist or holistic
hollistic-if you reduce them down to component parts what is affecting them may be missed
its argued taking a holistic view improves validity
why don’t humanists think the scientific method is appropriate to measure behavior
they think the scientific method tries to be too objective yet humans are subjective in the way they think and behave
how do humanists measure behaviour
-case studies
-observations
-interviews
what do humanists believe our innate drive is
humanists believe everyone had an innate drive to achieve there full potential
what is self-actualisation
the ultimate feeling of well-being and satisfaction
-a strong feeling of completness
what is our hierachy of needs called
Maslows hierachy of needs
nmonic for Maslows hierachy of needs
Phil-psychological needs-lowest
Sleeps-safety and security
Longitudinaly-love and belonging
Expect-esteem
Sundays-self-actualistion-highest
draw Maslows hierachy of needs
how did rogers state self actualisation needs to be achieved
our self-concept (the self you feel you are) and our ideal-self (the person you want to be) need to be congruent(match)
what is congruence
when your self-concept and ideal-self match
what is incongruence
when theres a disparity between your ideal self and self-concept
what do you need to be to reach the state of self-actualistaion
in order to self-actualise you need to be fully functioning
a fully functioning person has achieved congruence and understands there own feelings and places deep trust in there own instinct
-to become a fully functioning person you need unconditional positive regard which means you are loved unconditionally
-this can be impacted by conditions of worth which are limits the individual feels they need to meet to be loved
conditions of worth, uncondtional positive regard, fully functioning
what are psycholgical issues a direct result of
psycholgical issues are thought to arise as a direct result of conditions of worth
what did rogers develop
client-centered therapy
what is client-centered therapy
the belief that the client is the best expert on himself/herself and should therefore be helped to find their own solution to there own problem
what should the therapist do to there client
make them feel comfortable and accepted
what should the therapist ensure there client feels
the therapist should provide there client with unconditional positive regard this allow them to resolve conditions of worth and guide clients towards self-actualisation
what is some supporting evidence for the humanistic approach
(conditions of worth)
AO3
Harter found supporting evidence for conditions of worth
he found that teenagers who had conditions of worth imposed onto them and felt they had to fulfil those conditions to gain parents approval even when it clashed with there own views where more likely to develop depression
what is some more supporting evidence for the humanistic approach
(therapies)
AO3
elliot-in a meta-analysis of 86 studies this showed humanistic therapies promoted significant improvements in clients when compared with people not receiving treatment
what is some criticisms of Elliots supporting evidence
AO3
the therapy is based on clients opinions so its subjective therefore not valid
what disorders would client centered therapy be less effective in treating
AO3
schizophrenia-as they have lost there grip on reality and cant articulate whats real and fake
Negatives of humanistic approach
(abstract concepts)
AO3
self-actualisation and congruence are abstract concepts so you cannot test it scientifically with empirical evidence so it lacks scientific rigour
what is the focus on self (self-actualisation) critized for being
AO3
-its critisised for being culture-specific
-Nevis found that self-actualisation was defined more as contributions to the community than individual development
debates regarding the humanistic approach
A03
ignores biological explanations for behaviour. Tries to be hollistic but ignores reductionist approaches eg-biological so cannot treat psychological disorders with biological causes
