learning approach-social learning theory Flashcards
what did bandura state about the social learning theory state
behavior is not purely learnt and acknowledged the role of cognition in learning.
how does the SLT state behavior is learnt
it proposes the idea of observational learning
-behavior is learnt through observation and imitation of behavior performed by role models that they identify with learning therefore takes place in a social context
for learning to take place what will the person form
a person will form a mental representation of the behavior performed by a role model and weigh up the pros and cons of displaying the behavior themselves
what are the 2 factors that affect observational learning
- Identification-
- Vicarious reinforcement
how can learning occur
learning can therefore occur indirectly, from observing the consequences that a role model receives. This is known as vicarious reinforcement
what happens if the behavior a role model displays has positive consequences
if the behavior a role model displays has positive consequences than an individual is more likely to imitate that behavior to receive the same positive consequences
learning though vicarious reinforcement
what happens if the behavior a role model displays has negative consequences
if the behavior a role model displays has negative consequences they are less likely to imitate that behaviout after observing them
learning through vicarious punishment
how did bandura believe humans think
bandura believed that humans actively think about behaviour and its consequences
what is the acronym for mediational processes
ARRM
what does ARRM stand for
A-attention
R-retention
R-reproduction
M-motivation
what is attention
for the behaviour to be imitated it has to gain out attention egg-by being funny, unusual or novel
or behaviour being carried out my role model whom which we identify with
what is retention
-you have to be able to remember the behaviour to perform it
-memory retention is strengthend by repeatedly seeing the same behaviour from the model
what is reproduction
if we are physically able to perform the behaviour the model has just demonstrated
what is motivation
if there is positive vicarious reinforcement the behaviour is more likely to be imitated
supporting evidence for SLT
-bandura and ross and ross
-72 children between the ages of 3-6 were put into one of 3 groups for 10m
-aggressive model-the child played in the room whilst the adult hit and shouted at the Bobo doll. The groups were further divided my the gender of the adult and chid
-non-aggressive model-the child played in a room whilst an adult played quietly with a construction set. The groups were further divided my the gender of the adult and chid
-control group-the adult didn’t see a model
what was the procedure of bandura and ross and ross experiement
-the child was brought into the playroom by the experimenter. there was various craft items the child was told to play with for 10m
-on another table there was construction toys, bobo doll and mallet
-aggressive condition-hit the bobo doll with the mallet accompanied by aggressive phrases eg-“pow” and “kick him”
-non-aggressive condition-played with other toys and didn’t play with the bobo doll
–after exposure to the model the child was taken into a second room to play where he was subjected to “mild agression arousal” as there were lot of attractive toys that were reserved for the other children
-they were then taken into a 3rd room which contained agressive and non-agressive toys. They played in the room for 20m and behaviour was recorded at 5s intervals through a one-way mirror
what were the findings + conclusion of banduras experiment
boys-imitated same-sex models more than girls
girls-imitated more physical aggression when the saw boys and more verbal aggression if they saw girls
conclusion-aggressive behaviour can be learnt though observation and imitation of a model
RAVE
supporting evidence for vicarious reinforcement
condition one-model was rewarded for aggressive behaviour
condition two-model was punished for aggressive behaviour
condition three-no consequence for aggressive behaviour
the level of imitated aggression was highest in condition 1 and lowest in condition 2
-to see if children had learnt the behaviour but chosen not to perform it they were offered a reward for imitating the aggression. Children in all three conditions were able to do this
-this shows the distinction between learning and performance
support for vicarious reinforcement
what did rushton and campell find
same sex modelling significantly increases number of female oberververs who donated blood
what type of determinism is showed is SLT
reciprocal determinism-behaviour is still determined by out environment however we choose which aspects of our environment to pay attention to
is SLT behaviourist or reductionist
partially reductionist-shares aspects of both the behaviourist and cognitive approach
a positive application of SLT
(watershed)
AO3
used for explaining the acquisition of behaviours eg-aggression
watershed has also been put in place so children don’t observe and therefore imitate anti-social behaviour
a positive application of SLT
(models)
AO3
banning size zero models on fashion shows
this means children wont observe and therefore imamate behaviour so they don’t develop an eating disorder
positive application of SLT
(advertising)
AO3
-Andsager found that that identification with a character increases the likely hood that they will model the behaviour in an anti-alcohol message
this means SLT helps combat behaviours eg-alcoholism
this means the NHS will save money treating people
positive of SLT
(greater explanatory power)
AO3
takes thought processes into account and acknowledges the role they play in deciding if a behaviour is to be imitated or not
it therefore offers a more complex understanding of human behaviour and as such has greater explanatory power.
negative of SLT
(role model)
AO3
doesn’t explain behaviour when there is no role model to imitate the behaviour
negative of SLT
(biological)
AO3
ignores biological approaches eg-hormonal imbalances as a reason for human behaviour.
people may be born with predispositions to certain behaviours and may actively seek out role models that display this behaviour.
