learning approach-social learning theory

Question 1

what did bandura state about the social learning theory state

Answer 1

behavior is not purely learnt and acknowledged the role of cognition in learning.

Question 2

how does the SLT state behavior is learnt

Answer 2

it proposes the idea of observational learning
-behavior is learnt through observation and imitation of behavior performed by role models that they identify with learning therefore takes place in a social context

Question 3

for learning to take place what will the person form

Answer 3

a person will form a mental representation of the behavior performed by a role model and weigh up the pros and cons of displaying the behavior themselves

Question 4

what are the 2 factors that affect observational learning

Answer 4

1. Identification-
2. Vicarious reinforcement

Question 5

how can learning occur

Answer 5

learning can therefore occur indirectly, from observing the consequences that a role model receives. This is known as vicarious reinforcement

Question 6

what happens if the behavior a role model displays has positive consequences

Answer 6

if the behavior a role model displays has positive consequences than an individual is more likely to imitate that behavior to receive the same positive consequences
learning though vicarious reinforcement

Question 7

what happens if the behavior a role model displays has negative consequences

Answer 7

if the behavior a role model displays has negative consequences they are less likely to imitate that behaviout after observing them
learning through vicarious punishment

Question 8

how did bandura believe humans think

Answer 8

bandura believed that humans actively think about behaviour and its consequences

Question 9

what is the acronym for mediational processes

Answer 9

ARRM

Question 10

what does ARRM stand for

Answer 10

A-attention
R-retention
R-reproduction
M-motivation

Question 11

what is attention

Answer 11

for the behaviour to be imitated it has to gain out attention egg-by being funny, unusual or novel
or behaviour being carried out my role model whom which we identify with

Question 12

what is retention

Answer 12

-you have to be able to remember the behaviour to perform it
-memory retention is strengthend by repeatedly seeing the same behaviour from the model

Question 13

what is reproduction

Answer 13

if we are physically able to perform the behaviour the model has just demonstrated

Question 14

what is motivation

Answer 14

if there is positive vicarious reinforcement the behaviour is more likely to be imitated

Question 15

supporting evidence for SLT

Answer 15

-bandura and ross and ross
-72 children between the ages of 3-6 were put into one of 3 groups for 10m
-aggressive model-the child played in the room whilst the adult hit and shouted at the Bobo doll. The groups were further divided my the gender of the adult and chid
-non-aggressive model-the child played in a room whilst an adult played quietly with a construction set. The groups were further divided my the gender of the adult and chid
-control group-the adult didn’t see a model

Question 16

what was the procedure of bandura and ross and ross experiement

Answer 16

-the child was brought into the playroom by the experimenter. there was various craft items the child was told to play with for 10m
-on another table there was construction toys, bobo doll and mallet
-aggressive condition-hit the bobo doll with the mallet accompanied by aggressive phrases eg-“pow” and “kick him”
-non-aggressive condition-played with other toys and didn’t play with the bobo doll
–after exposure to the model the child was taken into a second room to play where he was subjected to “mild agression arousal” as there were lot of attractive toys that were reserved for the other children
-they were then taken into a 3rd room which contained agressive and non-agressive toys. They played in the room for 20m and behaviour was recorded at 5s intervals through a one-way mirror

Question 17

what were the findings + conclusion of banduras experiment

Answer 17

boys-imitated same-sex models more than girls
girls-imitated more physical aggression when the saw boys and more verbal aggression if they saw girls
conclusion-aggressive behaviour can be learnt though observation and imitation of a model

Question 18

RAVE

Question 19

supporting evidence for vicarious reinforcement

Answer 19

condition one-model was rewarded for aggressive behaviour
condition two-model was punished for aggressive behaviour
condition three-no consequence for aggressive behaviour
the level of imitated aggression was highest in condition 1 and lowest in condition 2
-to see if children had learnt the behaviour but chosen not to perform it they were offered a reward for imitating the aggression. Children in all three conditions were able to do this
-this shows the distinction between learning and performance

Question 20

support for vicarious reinforcement
what did rushton and campell find

Answer 20

same sex modelling significantly increases number of female oberververs who donated blood

Question 21

what type of determinism is showed is SLT

Answer 21

reciprocal determinism-behaviour is still determined by out environment however we choose which aspects of our environment to pay attention to

Question 22

is SLT behaviourist or reductionist

Answer 22

partially reductionist-shares aspects of both the behaviourist and cognitive approach

Question 23

a positive application of SLT
(watershed)
AO3

Answer 23

used for explaining the acquisition of behaviours eg-aggression
watershed has also been put in place so children don’t observe and therefore imitate anti-social behaviour

Question 24

a positive application of SLT
(models)
AO3

Answer 24

banning size zero models on fashion shows
this means children wont observe and therefore imamate behaviour so they don’t develop an eating disorder

Question 25

positive application of SLT
(advertising)
AO3

Answer 25

-Andsager found that that identification with a character increases the likely hood that they will model the behaviour in an anti-alcohol message
this means SLT helps combat behaviours eg-alcoholism
this means the NHS will save money treating people

Question 26

positive of SLT
(greater explanatory power)
AO3

Answer 26

takes thought processes into account and acknowledges the role they play in deciding if a behaviour is to be imitated or not
it therefore offers a more complex understanding of human behaviour and as such has greater explanatory power.

Question 27

negative of SLT
(role model)
AO3

Answer 27

doesn’t explain behaviour when there is no role model to imitate the behaviour

Question 28

negative of SLT
(biological)
AO3

Answer 28

ignores biological approaches eg-hormonal imbalances as a reason for human behaviour.
people may be born with predispositions to certain behaviours and may actively seek out role models that display this behaviour.