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year 1 Psychology > research methods-data handling and analysis > Flashcards

research methods-data handling and analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

what is nominal data

A

categorical data that doesn’t have a natural order

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2
Q

is nominal data discrete or continuous

A

discrete data-can only appear in one category

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3
Q

what measure of central tendency is used with nominal data

A

mode-most common number

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4
Q

positive of nominal data

A

easily generated quickly from closed questions

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5
Q

Negative of nominal data

A

its a low level of data
it doesn’t enable sensitive analysis

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6
Q

what is ordinal data

A

categorical data that can be put in order or ranked

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7
Q

what measure of central tendency is used with ordinal data

A

median

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8
Q

positives of ordinal data

A

have more detail as the scores are ranked in order

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9
Q

negative of ordinal data

A

no equal intervals
often used for subjective ranks- which lacks certainty

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10
Q

what is interval/ratio data

A

data tells us exactly how much bigger one number is than the other

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11
Q

what is the difference between ratio and interval data

A

ratio-values cant go below 0 as it has a true 0
interval-values can go below 0 as it doesn’t have a true 0

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12
Q

what type of comparisons does interval-ratio data allow you to make

A

allows you to make quantitative comparisons

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13
Q

what measure of central tendancy is used with interval/ratio data

A

mean

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14
Q

what is a positive of interval/ratio data

A

allows for researchers to use more sensitive statistical tests (parametric tests) which allows the researcher to make objective quantitative comparisons

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15
Q

what are the 3 measures of central tendency

A

mean
median
mode

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16
Q

what is it called when there are 2 modes

A

bi-modal

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17
Q

2 positives of using the mode

A

-quick and easy to calculate
-The mode is unaffected by one extreme score

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18
Q

2 negatives of using the mode

A

-insensitive measure as it doesn’t tell us about the other values in the data set
-there can be multiple modes so it wouldn’t be representative of the full data set

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19
Q

2 positives of using the median

A

-median is unaffected by extreme scores
-the median is relatively quick and easy to calculate

20
Q

2 negatives of using the median

A

-its an insensitive measure it doesn’t tell us about any other values in the data set
-if there’s an even number the median may not even be present in the original data set

21
Q

2 positives of using the mean

A

-representative of all the data as it is calculated using all the numbers
-most sensitive measure as it includes all the values in a set of data

22
Q

2 negatives of using the mean

A

-easily skewed or distorted by extreme values
-mean may be a value which isnt present in the original data set

23
Q

what are the two measures of dispersions

A

-range
-standard deviation

24
Q

what is an advantage of the range

A

-quick and easy to calculate

25
Q

what is a disadvantage of the range

A

-skewed by extreme values as it only takes into account 2 scores

26
Q

what is the standard deviation

A

measure of the spread of data around the mean

27
Q

what does a large SD show

A

more variation and less consistent

28
Q

what does a small SD show

A

less variation and More consistent

29
Q

what is a positive of using SD

A

more sensitive measure of dispersion as it takes into account all the values

30
Q

what are the types of presentation of quantitative data

A

-bar chart
-histogram
-scattergraphs

31
Q

what do bar chart show

A

-discrete data
-bars aren’t touching

32
Q

what are histograms used to show

A

-continuous data
-bars are touching

33
Q

what do scattergraphs show and when are they used

A

-relationship between the 2 co-variables
-used when carrying out a correlational analysis

34
Q

what is a normal distribution

A

-bell-shaped curve
-symetrical around the centre
-left hand side is a mirror image of the left hand side

35
Q

describe the data in a normal distribution

A

-most values cluster around the middle
-further a value is from the mean the less likely it is to occur

36
Q

what will the mean median and mode be for a normal distribution

A

same value

37
Q

what is a negatively skewed distribution

A

-most people recieve high scores but there is an extreme low score
-mode is the highest
-to make it more normally distributed you need to make the test harder

38
Q

what is a positively skewed distribution

A

-most people recieve a low score but there is an extreme high score
-mean is the highest
-to make it more normally distributed you need to make the test easier.

39
Q

what is content analysis

A

-create a checklist/categories of behaviour
-read through media Eg-diary entry
-counting behaviour or tallying
-compare condition 1 to condition 2

40
Q

positive of content analysis

A

by converting qualitative data into quantitative the researcher is able to carry out statisical test to see if there is a significant difference between the 2 variables

41
Q

negatives of content analayisis

A

content analysis simply describes a set of data, variables are not manipulated under control conditions therefore it does not reveal causality.

42
Q

what is thematic analysis

A
  1. converts data into written form
  2. familiarise themselves with data by reading and re-reading
  3. labels the data using codes
  4. categorises the codes into themes
  5. writes a report interpreting the themes an relates them back to the research topic.
43
Q

positives of thematic analyisis

A

provides a more detailed understanding of participants subjective experience

44
Q

negatives of thematic analysis

A

requires data that is in written form

45
Q

what is a meta-analysis

A

-researchers collect and collate a wide range of previously conducted research on a specific area
-collated research is reviewed together
-combined data is statistically tested to provide an overall conclusion

46
Q

is a meta-analysis quantitative or qualitative

A

quantitative

47
Q

what is the difference between primary and secondary data

A

primary data-data that is collected first hand by the researcher for the purpose of the investigation
secondary data-data that is collected not for the purpose of your own research.

year 1 Psychology (47 decks)

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