memory-multistore memory model Flashcards
what is memory
how we retain information
what is capacity
the amount of information that can be stored by the memory system
what is duration
the amount of time we store information for
what is encoding
transforming sensory information into a form that can be held/used by the memory system
draw the multistore memory model
in booklet
how does information flow through the multi store model
in a linear way
what was sperlings evidence for sensory register
a 3x4 grid was displayed om screen for 1/20th of a second a tone was sounded and participants were told to recall one row
they could recall about 3 letters despite being aware of many more
this suggests that the capacity of the sensory register is large but the duration is short as the memory of the letters had become to decay by the time it took to recall them
it supports the idea that there are separate stores and they are unique in their features
what was millers evidence for the capacity of STM
-he believed that we can hold 5-9 items in our STM and that out STM stores chunks of information rather than individual number or letters which is why we can remember phone numbers
it suggests that if we chunk information we can hold more
what piece of research supported miller
jacobs
he conduced an experiement using a digit span test to examine the capacity of STM for numbers and letters
participents had to repeat back a string of numbers and letters in the same order and the number of digits/letters was gradually increased
he found the average student had a span of 7.3 letters and 9.3 words which supports miller 5-9 items
participants are read a sequence of letters/numbers and asked to repeat the same sequence back immediately. An additional digit is added on each subsequent trial to measure the capacity of STM (the digit span technique
what was Peterson and Petersons evidence for duration of memory
they conducted a lab experiment with 24 psychology university participants
they were shown a consonant trigram and asked to count backwords in 3s intervals to prevent rehersal of the trigram
recall deteriorated as time interval increased after 3s 80% were correctly recalled
after 18s correct recall was less than 10%
STM has limited duration and is seperate to other stores
critisisms of peterson and petersons sample
-all psychology uni students so cant generalise the findings to wider population
they are all psychology students that may be aware its an ecperiment due to the contrived nature of the exam (lab) so may start displaying demand characteristics which affects internal validity
they will have learnt about memory so will have better memory than the general public
peterson and petersons study is a lab experiment what is a limitation of this
its a contrived situation with an artificial task which doesn’t reflect memory in real life so lacks ecological validity
what was baddeley evidenc for encoding of the STM
he divided particpents into groups and gave them lists of words to learn one was accoustically similiar the other disimilar
acoustically similar words has a correct recall of 10% whereas acoustically disimilar words had the best at around 60-80%
acoustically disimilar words are recalled more accurately as STM isnt getting muddled based on the sound of the words. However acoustically similar words are recalled poorly suggesting that STM relies on acoustic coding
what was glanzer and cunitz procedure for the serial position effect
he presents ps with a list of unreleated words at a rate of 1 per second. they were then asked to free recall as many as they could
researchers founf that the likelyhood of remembering a word depends on its serial position. words at the end of the list were recalled well (recency effect) and start of the list ( primary effect)
according to the MSM why are the last words remembered so well
as its been in your STM for the shortest time
