trauma Xray in upper limb and lower limb

Question 1

what views are done on an Xray to see the cervical spine?

Answer 1

• AP
• lateral
• odontoid peg

Question 2

what views are done on the Xray to see the scaphoid?

Answer 2

• AP
• lateral
• two obliques

Question 3

what is an avulsion fracture?

Answer 3

where a fragment of bone is pulled away at the ligament or tendinous attachment

Question 4

what does a visible posterior fat bad mean?

Answer 4

• always abnormal

- indicator of elbow trauma

Question 5

what fractures are usually seen in kids bones?

Answer 5

• buckle fracture
• plastic bowing
• greenstick fracture

they are soft so bend more than snap

Question 6

it is common in adults for ligaments and tendons to avulse from their soft bony attachment

true or false

Answer 6

false- its common in children

Question 7

what is the epiphysis normally in line with?

Answer 7

the metaphysis

Question 8

what causes the epiphysis to no longer be centres with the metaphysis?

Answer 8

-a fracture involving the growth plate

Question 9

where do bony rings exist?

Answer 9

• spinal canal
• pelvis
• forearm and lower leg

Question 10

why do bones have bony rings?

Answer 10

-to distribute the weight better

Question 11

bony rings commonly only fracture in one place

True or False

Answer 11

False!!

bony rings- like a polo mint

usually split in many places

Question 12

can wood and plastic be seen on an Xray?

Answer 12

no

-can be seen on USS

Question 13

can glass be seen on an Xray?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

can metal be seen on an Xray?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

what is this fracture seen in a young child?

Answer 15

a buckle fracture

Question 16

if you are suspicious of a fracture but Xray shows there isnt one- what test do you do?

Answer 16

CT scan

Question 17

who do high energy pelvis ring fractures usually affect?

Answer 17

high energy event such as fall from height or car crash

often involve young people

Question 18

what investigations are done for high energy pelvis fractures?

Answer 18

if only pelvis involved- Xray

if more than pelvis involved (such as involved in car crash)- CT as it can show muscles, ligaments, brain

Question 19

what investigations are done for high energy pelvis fractures?

Answer 19

if only pelvis involved- Xray

if more than pelvis involved (such as involved in car crash)- CT as it can show muscles, ligaments, brain

Question 20

who is usually affected by a low energy pelvis ring fracture?

Answer 20

• elderly patients with osteoarthritis

- due to minor fall may be insidious onset

Question 21

what is more sensitive to showing fractures: CT or Xray?

Answer 21

CT

Question 22

what investigation is done to show acute injuries affecting superficial structures?

Answer 22

USS

Question 23

what investigation is done for a pelvic soft tissue injury?

Answer 23

MRI- as it provides more of a complete assessment of all soft tissues and bones