Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > common fractures > Flashcards

common fractures Flashcards

1
Q

what are some common lower limb and pelvis fratures?

A 
Ankle fractures
Tibial Shaft Fractures
Tibial Plateau fractures
Femoral Shaft Fractures
Pelvic Fractures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do ankle fractures commonly occur?

A

inversion injury with rotational force applied to the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the classification of ankle fractures?

A

Weber A, Weber B, Weber C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what would you classify a fracture in the blue area?

A

Weber A fracture (below joint line- stable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what would you classify a fracture in the green area?

A

Weber B fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what would you classify a fracture in the purple area?

A

Weber C fracture (above joint line- unstable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

management of ankle fractures?

A

conservative:
-cast or mono boot

operative:
-open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do tibial shaft fractures increase risk of?

A

compartment syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what type of tibial shaft fractures are there?

A

Spiral
Transverse
Oblique
Comminuted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

management for tibial shaft fracture?

A

conservative:
-above the knee cast

operative:

  • IM nailing
  • open reduction internal fixation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what causes tibial plateau fracture?

A

in young- high energy injuries

in old- low energy injuries in osteoporotic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are risks associated with tibial plateau fracture?

A
  • neurovascular injury of popliteal structure/common perineal nerve
  • compartment syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of fracture are soft tissue injuries of knee joint structures associated with?

A

tibial plateau fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

management for tibial plateau fracture?

A

conservative:
-above knee cast

operative:

  • Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)
  • External Fixator
  • Delayed Total Knee Replacement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

management for femoral shaft fracture?

A

conservative:
-not typically used

operative:

  • IM nail
  • plate fixation: ORIF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is management for pelvic fractures?

A

initial= pelvic binder

conservative

operative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are common fractures of upper limb?

A 
Distal Radius Fractures
Forearm Fractures
Olecranon Fractures
Humeral Shaft Fractures
Proximal Humeral Fractures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a common cause of distal radius fracture?

A

FOOSH

Fall on outstretched hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the different distal radius fractures?

A

Colles
Smiths
Bartons fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are Colles distal radius fracture?

A

Colles fracturesare common extra-articular fractures of the distal radius that occur as the result on an outstreteched hand. Consists of a fracture of the distal radial metaphyseal region with dorsal angulation and impaction, but without the involvement of the articular surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are smiths distal radius fracture?

A

Smith fractures, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as areverse Colles fracture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are Barton distal radius fractures?

A

Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect . There is usually associated dorsal subluxation/dislocation of the radioocarpal joint.

23
Q

management for distal radius fracture?

A

conservative:
-cast/splint

operative:
-ORIF/MUA + K-wires/Ex-fix

24
Q

if there is a fracture in the radius there is usually a fracture in the ulna.

True or False?

A

True

Usually if there is a fracture of one bone, often there is an injury of the other

25
Q

what are examples of forearm fracture patterns?

A

Monteggia
Galeazzi fracture dislocations
Nightstick fracture

26
Q

what is a Monteggia fracture?

A

Monteggia fracture-dislocationsconsist of a fracture of the ulnar shaft with concomitant dislocation of the radial head.

27
Q

what is Galeazzi fracture?

A

Galeazzi fracture-dislocationsconsist of a fracture of the distal part of theradiuswith dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint and intact ulna

28
Q

what’s a nightstick fracture?

A

Nightstick fracturesare isolated fractures of the ulna- typically transverse and located in the mid-diaphysis and usually resulting from a direct blow. It is a characteristic defensive fracture

29
Q

management of forearm fractures?

A

conservative:
-cast

operative:
-ORIF

30
Q

what is an olecranon fracture?

A

common injury from falling onto the elbow

31
Q

management of olecranon fracture?

A

conservative:
-cast

Operative:

  • tension band wiring/ORIF
  • plate fixation
32
Q

what risks does a humeral shaft fracture have?

A

radial nerve

33
Q

what causes humeral shaft fracture?

A

-direct trauma to the arm

34
Q

what is a humeral shaft fracture?

A

fall resulting in oblique, or spiral fractures in the humeral bone

35
Q

what is the management for humeral shaft fractures?

A

conservative:

  • humeral brace/U slab cast
  • IM nail/ORIF plate fixation
36
Q

what is a proximal humerus fracture?

A

common injury to humerus, typically low energy of osteoporotic bone from a fall

37
Q

risk associated with proximal humerus fracture?

A

damage to axillary nerve

38
Q

what is the management for proximal humerus fracture?

A

conservative:
-collar + cuff

Operative:
-ORIF/replacement

39
Q

what’s 1st degree nerve injury?

A

neurapraxia

40
Q

what is neuropraxia?

A

Temporary conduction block / demyelination

Should resolve within 28 days

41
Q

what is 2nd degree nerve damage?

A

axonotmesis

42
Q

what is axontmesis?

A

Nerve cell axon dies distally from point of injury = Wallerian degeneration
Structure of nerve (endoneurial tubes) intact
Regenerates at 1mm per day

43
Q

what is 3rd degree nerve damage?

A

neurotmesis

44
Q

what is neurotmesis?

A

Nerve transected – rare with # or dislocation

No recovery without surgery

45
Q

what is malunion?

A

fracture has healed in non anatomic position

46
Q

how does malunion present?

A

Pain
Stiffness
Loss of Function
Deformity

47
Q

what is non union?

A

when the fracture doesn’t heal

48
Q

what increases chances of atrophic non union?

A 
Poor blood supply to fracture site
 Fracture gap too big and no movement
 Systemic disease
 Smoking
 Medicines – steroids, NSAIDs, bisphosphonates
infection!!
49
Q

what increases chances of hypertrophic non union?

A
  • Too much movement at fracture site
  • Abundant callus response but failure union

-Infection

50
Q

what are the two ways in which fractures may heal and what is more common?

A

-primary or secondary

secondary bone healing occurs in majority of fractures

51
Q

when would primary bone healing occur?

A

-in minimal fracture gap (less than 1mm hairline fracture)

52
Q

describe primary bone healing

A

-bones bridge the gap with new bone from osteoblasts

53
Q

describe secondary bone healing?

A
  • fracture occurs
  • haematoma occurs with inflammation from damaged tissue
  • macrophages and osteclasts remove debris and resorb the bone ends
  • granulation tissue forms from fibroblasts and new blood vessels
  • chondroblasts form cartilage (SOFT CALLUS)
  • osteoblasts lay down bone matrix (type 1 collagen)
  • calcium mineralisation produces immature woven bone (HARD CALLUS)
  • remodelling occurs with organisation along lines of stress into lamellar bones

fracture—->swelling —->soft callus (2-3 weeks)—-> hard callus (6-12 weeks)–> remodelling

MSK (64 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions