orthopaedic oncology

Question 1

what does osteo mean?

Answer 1

bone

Question 2

what does chondro mean?

Answer 2

cartilage

Question 3

what does sarco mean?

Answer 3

soft tissue

Question 4

what does sarcoma suggest?

Answer 4

malignancy of bone/soft tissue

Question 5

most common place for metastases?

Answer 5

breast, lung, prostate, renal (kidney) , thyroid

Question 6

3 most common sarcomas?

Answer 6

1. Ostesarcoma
2. Chondrosarcoma
3. Ewing’s sarcoma

Question 7

presenting features of bone cancer?

Answer 7

• persistent, increasing pain
• worse at night
• swelling and erythema over joint
• palpable mass

Question 8

where does osteosarcoma usually present?

Answer 8

usually around distal femur/ proximal tibia

Question 9

who does osteosarcoma usually affect?

Answer 9

children/young adults

2nd peak in elderly

Question 10

what is the treatment for osteosarcoma?

Answer 10

chemotherapy and limb salvage

Question 11

where do osteosarcomas usually metastasise to?

Answer 11

pulmonary

Question 12

what age is usually affected by Ewings sarcoma?

Answer 12

young people (5-25)

Question 13

where is Ewing’s sarcoma usually found?

Answer 13

diaphysis of long bones usually in distal femur/proximal tibia

Question 14

what is the treatment for ewings sarcoma?

Answer 14

chemotherapy with limb salvage +/- adjuvant radiation

Question 15

what is the treatment for ewigns sarcoma?

Answer 15

chemotherapy with limb salvage +/- adjuvant radiation

Question 16

who does chondrosarcoma usually affect?

Answer 16

older patients 40-75 years

Question 17

where are chondrosarcomas usually found?

Answer 17

pelvis, proximal and distal femur

Question 18

is osteoid osteoma benign or malignant?

Answer 18

benign

Question 19

what does osteoid osteoma look like on an Xray?

Answer 19

like a little O

Question 20

who usually is affected by osteoid osteoma?

Answer 20

young people aged 5-25

Question 21

where are osteoid osteomas usually found?

Answer 21

in the long bones

Question 22

how does an osteoid osteoma usually present?

Answer 22

-pain which is worse at night but can be controlled by aspirin

Question 23

what is the treatment for an osteoid osteoma?

Answer 23

can resolve spontaneously or with radiofrequency ablation

Question 24

how would an osteoid osteoma be described on xray?

Answer 24

as a little O

-central nodule of woven bone with osteblastic rim

Question 25

what is the commonest benign bone tumour?

Answer 25

osteochondroma

Question 26

what age is usually affected by osteochondromas?

Answer 26

adolescents/young adults

Question 27

who does enchondroma usually affect?

Answer 27

20-50 year olds

Question 28

how does enchondroma present?

Answer 28

usually asymptomatic

Question 29

what is an enchondroma?

Answer 29

benign intrmedullary cartilage lesion

Question 30

what is the treatment for enchondroma?

Answer 30

conservative treatment, curettage and bone grafting if symptomatic

Question 31

what is the treatment for enchondroma?

Answer 31

conservative treatment, curettage and bone grafting if symptomatic

Question 32

what is an osteosarcoma?

Answer 32

a malignant bone tumour that produces bone

Question 33

what causes an osteosarcoma?

Answer 33

mutation in the retinoblastoma gene

Question 34

osteosarcoma presenting symptoms?

Answer 34

• constant pain
• weight loss
• worse at night
• fatigue

Question 35

what is chondrosarcoma?

Answer 35

a malignant cartilage producing primary bone tumour

Question 36

what causes a chondrosarcoma?

Answer 36

unknown

Question 37

how does a chondrosarcoma present?

Answer 37

• back or thigh pain
• sciatica
• bladder pain
• unilateral oedema

Question 38

what is the treatment for chondrosarcoma?

Answer 38

SURGERYYY

-no chemo or radiotherapy :(

Question 39

how would you describe the way in which you chondrosarcomas metastases?

Answer 39

large and slow to metastases

Question 40

how would you describe Ewing’s sarcoma?

Answer 40

small round blue cell tumour