orthopaedic oncology Flashcards
what does osteo mean?
bone
what does chondro mean?
cartilage
what does sarco mean?
soft tissue
what does sarcoma suggest?
malignancy of bone/soft tissue
most common place for metastases?
breast, lung, prostate, renal (kidney) , thyroid
3 most common sarcomas?
- Ostesarcoma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Ewing’s sarcoma
presenting features of bone cancer?
- persistent, increasing pain
- worse at night
- swelling and erythema over joint
- palpable mass
where does osteosarcoma usually present?
usually around distal femur/ proximal tibia
who does osteosarcoma usually affect?
children/young adults
2nd peak in elderly
what is the treatment for osteosarcoma?
chemotherapy and limb salvage
where do osteosarcomas usually metastasise to?
pulmonary
what age is usually affected by Ewings sarcoma?
young people (5-25)
where is Ewing’s sarcoma usually found?
diaphysis of long bones usually in distal femur/proximal tibia
what is the treatment for ewings sarcoma?
chemotherapy with limb salvage +/- adjuvant radiation
what is the treatment for ewigns sarcoma?
chemotherapy with limb salvage +/- adjuvant radiation
who does chondrosarcoma usually affect?
older patients 40-75 years
where are chondrosarcomas usually found?
pelvis, proximal and distal femur
is osteoid osteoma benign or malignant?
benign
what does osteoid osteoma look like on an Xray?
like a little O
who usually is affected by osteoid osteoma?
young people aged 5-25
where are osteoid osteomas usually found?
in the long bones
how does an osteoid osteoma usually present?
-pain which is worse at night but can be controlled by aspirin
what is the treatment for an osteoid osteoma?
can resolve spontaneously or with radiofrequency ablation
how would an osteoid osteoma be described on xray?
as a little O
-central nodule of woven bone with osteblastic rim
what is the commonest benign bone tumour?
osteochondroma
what age is usually affected by osteochondromas?
adolescents/young adults
who does enchondroma usually affect?
20-50 year olds
how does enchondroma present?
usually asymptomatic
what is an enchondroma?
benign intrmedullary cartilage lesion
what is the treatment for enchondroma?
conservative treatment, curettage and bone grafting if symptomatic
what is the treatment for enchondroma?
conservative treatment, curettage and bone grafting if symptomatic
what is an osteosarcoma?
a malignant bone tumour that produces bone
what causes an osteosarcoma?
mutation in the retinoblastoma gene
osteosarcoma presenting symptoms?
- constant pain
- weight loss
- worse at night
- fatigue
what is chondrosarcoma?
a malignant cartilage producing primary bone tumour
what causes a chondrosarcoma?
unknown
how does a chondrosarcoma present?
- back or thigh pain
- sciatica
- bladder pain
- unilateral oedema
what is the treatment for chondrosarcoma?
SURGERYYY
-no chemo or radiotherapy :(
how would you describe the way in which you chondrosarcomas metastases?
large and slow to metastases
how would you describe Ewing’s sarcoma?
small round blue cell tumour
