anatomy of upper limb ! Flashcards
what is the brachial plexus?
a network of nerves in the shoulder that carry movement from spinal cord to arms and hands
what artery supplies the anterior compartment of the arm?
brachial artery
what vein supplies the anterior section of the arm?
brachial vein
what nerve supplies the muscle of the anterior compartment of the arm?
musculocutaneous nerve (large branch of brachial plexus)
what artery supplies the anterior section of the forearm?
radial and ulna
what vein supplies the anterior compartment of the forearm?
venae comitantes (veins accompanying artery e.g. radial vein accompanies radial artery)
what nerve innervates the muscle in the anterior forearm?
median (+ ulna)
what artery supplies the hand?
deep and superficial palmer arches
what nerve innervates the muscle of the hand?
most by ulnar
LOAF supplied by median nerve
Lateral two lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
what artery supplies the posterior compartment of the arm?
- profunda brachili
- ulnar collateral
what vein supplies the posterior compartment of the arm?
profunda brachii
what nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior arm?
radial nerve
what artery supplies the posterior compartment of thee forearm?
interosseous
what vein supplies the posterior compartment of the forearm?
venae comitantes
what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the forearm?
radial nerve
what does the axillary nerve innervate?
- teres minor (lateral rotation)
- deltoid muscle (abduction of arm)
- cutaneous innervations
what muscle is labelled?
teres minor
what muscle is labelled?
deltoid
what nerve is highlighted blue?
radial nerve
what nerve is highlighted blue?
superficial branch of the radial nerve (sensory)
what nerve is highlighted blue?
posterior interosseous nerve (motor)
what does the radial nerve innervate?
entire posterior part of arm and posterior part of forearm
what muscles does the radial nerve supply?
Main branch:
- triceps brachii
- brachioradialis
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- supinator
Posterior interosseous nerve:
-all other muscles in posterior compartment of forearn
what is the classic sign for radial nerve injury?
wrist drop, cannot extend he wrist
what tendon is highlighted blue?
biceps brachili tendon
what artery is highlighted blue?
brachial artery
what nerve is highlighted blue?
median nerve
what artery runs along the median nerve?
brachial artery
what muscles does the median supply?
-all muscles of forearm except flexor carpi ulnaris, ulna half of flexor digitorum profundus
-in hand it supplies LOAF:
first 2 Lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Dlexor pollicis brevis
what nerve supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus?
ulnar nerve
what is the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) innervated by?
median nerve
why can the fexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) only flex the PIP joint?
because it inserts itself in the intermediate phalanx
what digits does flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) affect?
digits 2-5
what digits does flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) affecT?
digits 2-5
what nerve supplies the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus?
ulnar nerve
what nerve supplies the lateral half of the flexor digitorum profundus?
anterior interosseous nerve
where does flexor digitorum profundus tendon (FDP)insert ?
distal phalanx
what does FDP tendon flex?
DIP joint
where does the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) insert?
on distal phalanx of thumb
what does the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) do?
flexes thumb
what is the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) innervated by?
anterior interosseous nerve
what are these muscles called?
lumbricals
how many lumbricals are there?
4
what is the muscle with an arrow point to it called?
thenar eminence
what is the thenar eminence innervated by?
recurrent branch of medianc nerve
what is the role of lumbricals?
flex MCP and extend PIP + DIP
what is labelled blue?
lumbrical
what is labelled blue?
flexor digitorum superficialis tendon
what is labelled blue?
flexor digitorum profundus tendon
what does the median nerve have to pass through in the hand ?
carpal tunnel
what is the carpal tunnel formed by?
- flexor retinaculum
- carpal bones
can the carpal tunnel stretch?
no not really :/
what are the contents of the carpal tunne;?
- flexor digitorum superficialis (x4)
- flexor digitorum profundus (x4)
- flexor pollicis longus (x1)
- median nerve
what is carpal tunnel syndrome?
compression of median nerve causing weakness in the thenar muscles or numbness in lateral 3 fingers
what is a deformity in the hand that is often seen in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and why?
ape hand deformity due to wasting of thenar muscles and lateral 2 lumbricals
what nerve, artery and vein is the arrow pointing to?
ulnar nerve, ulnar artery and ulnar vein?
where abouts it the ulnar nerve in the arm?
medial in the arm with the median nerve before coursing posteriorly
what branches does the ulnar nerve give rise to in the forearm?
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- flexor digitorum profundus (medial half)
what does the ulnar nerve supply?
in forearm supplies : only the flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus
in hand it supples: all intrinsic muscles except LOAF
what skin in the hand does the ulnar nerve supply?
medial pals, little finger, medial half of fourth digit
what would occur if there was an injury to the ulnar nerve at the elbow?
a patient will only be able to use FDS (FDP becomes paralysed). Therefore, only slight flexion of 4th and 5th digits
what will happen if there is a damage to the ulnar nerve at the wrist?
extension at MCP joint because of unopposed action of extensor digitorum (no flexion by lumbricals or interossei). More marked flexion at DIP and PIP joints (no extension by lumbricals or interossei)
what are the rotator cuffs?
a group of muscles and tendon that surround the shoulder joint, keeping the head of upper arm bone firmly within the shallow socket of the shoulder
what are the 4 muscles that make up the rotator cuff?
- subscapularis
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
where are the rotator cuff muscles in relation to the deltoid?
deep to the deltoid
what ligament in the shoulder is highlighted blue?
transverse ligamrnt
what ligament in the shoulder is highlighted blue?
coracohumeral ligament
what ligament in the shoulder is highlighted blue?
transverse ligament
what ligament is highlighted blue?
the conoid ligament of the coracoclavicular ligament
what ligament is highlighted blue?
the trapezoid ligament of the coracoclavicular ligament
what ligament is highlighted blue?
acromioclavicular ligament
what ligament is highlighted blue?
coraco acromio
what ligament is highlighted blue?
the coraco humeral ligament
what ligament is highlighted blue?
the transverse ligament
what ligament is highlighted blue?
superior glenohumeral ligament
what ligament is highlighted blue?
the medial glenohumeral ligament
what ligament is highlighted blue?
the inferior glenohumeral ligament
what ligament is highlighted blue?
the inferior glenohumeral ligament
what muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm and what innervates them?
BBC ms
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- coracobrachialis
innervation- muscocultaneous nerve
