histology Flashcards
what are the three main types of muscle?
- skeletal
- cardiac
- smooth
describe skeletal muscle cells
striated, unbranched and multinucleate
what are fasicles?
a grouping of parallel muscle fibres
what is the connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole called?
epimysium
what is the connective tissue around a single fascicle called?
perimysium
what is the connective tissue around a single muscle fibre called?
endomysium
what are the myofibrils made up of?
sacromere
where are myofibrils found?
muscle fibres
what junctions are in muscle fibres?
neuromuscular junction
what are the 3 types of skeletal muscle?
Type I (slow) , Type IIA (intermediate) and Type IIB (fast)
which muscle fibres are referred to as ‘red’ fibres?
Type I (slow)
which muscle fibres are referred to as ‘white’ fibres?
Type IIB fast
which type of skeletal muscle has the most mitochondria and which has the least?
most- slow Type I
least- fast Type IIB
how are cartilage cells nourished?
cartilage is avascular but permeable so cells nourished by diffusion through extracellular matrix
how are cells within the bone nourished?
bone is not permeable but is vascular so cells within the bone are nourished by blood vessels that pervade the tissue
what are cells in cartilage called?
chondrocytes
where are chondrocytes found within the cartilage?
in a space in the extracellular matrix called a lacuna
what are the chondrocytes role within the extracellular matrix?
they maintain it
what are functions of bone?
- support
- levers for effective movement
- calcium store
- haemopoiesis (blood cell production)
what is bone made up of?
65% bioapetite
23% collagen
10% water
2% non collagen proteins
what are the cells in bone called?
osteocytes
where are osteoprogenitor cells found?
located on bone surfaces for example under the periosteum (the membranous tissue that covers the bone)
what are osteoblasts??
bone forming cells
what is the role of osteoprogenitor cells?
these cells serve as a pool of reserve osteoblasts
what are osteocytes?
a bone cell trapped within the bone matrix (lacuna)
what are osteoblasts?
large multinucleated cells found on the surface of bone and are responsible for bone reabsorption and synthesise the bone matrix
