histology

Question 1

what are the three main types of muscle?

Answer 1

• skeletal
• cardiac
• smooth

Question 2

describe skeletal muscle cells

Answer 2

striated, unbranched and multinucleate

Question 3

what are fasicles?

Answer 3

a grouping of parallel muscle fibres

Question 4

what is the connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole called?

Answer 4

epimysium

Question 5

what is the connective tissue around a single fascicle called?

Answer 5

perimysium

Question 6

what is the connective tissue around a single muscle fibre called?

Answer 6

endomysium

Question 7

what are the myofibrils made up of?

Answer 7

sacromere

Question 8

where are myofibrils found?

Answer 8

muscle fibres

Question 9

what junctions are in muscle fibres?

Answer 9

neuromuscular junction

Question 10

what are the 3 types of skeletal muscle?

Answer 10

Type I (slow) , Type IIA (intermediate) and Type IIB (fast)

Question 11

which muscle fibres are referred to as ‘red’ fibres?

Answer 11

Type I (slow)

Question 12

which muscle fibres are referred to as ‘white’ fibres?

Answer 12

Type IIB fast

Question 13

which type of skeletal muscle has the most mitochondria and which has the least?

Answer 13

most- slow Type I

least- fast Type IIB

Question 14

how are cartilage cells nourished?

Answer 14

cartilage is avascular but permeable so cells nourished by diffusion through extracellular matrix

Question 15

how are cells within the bone nourished?

Answer 15

bone is not permeable but is vascular so cells within the bone are nourished by blood vessels that pervade the tissue

Question 16

what are cells in cartilage called?

Answer 16

chondrocytes

Question 17

where are chondrocytes found within the cartilage?

Answer 17

in a space in the extracellular matrix called a lacuna

Question 18

what are the chondrocytes role within the extracellular matrix?

Answer 18

they maintain it

Question 19

what are functions of bone?

Answer 19

• support
• levers for effective movement
• calcium store
• haemopoiesis (blood cell production)

Question 20

what is bone made up of?

Answer 20

65% bioapetite
23% collagen
10% water
2% non collagen proteins

Question 21

what are the cells in bone called?

Answer 21

osteocytes

Question 22

where are osteoprogenitor cells found?

Answer 22

located on bone surfaces for example under the periosteum (the membranous tissue that covers the bone)

Question 23

what are osteoblasts??

Answer 23

bone forming cells

Question 24

what is the role of osteoprogenitor cells?

Answer 24

these cells serve as a pool of reserve osteoblasts

Question 25

what are osteocytes?

Answer 25

a bone cell trapped within the bone matrix (lacuna)

Question 26

what are osteoblasts?

Answer 26

large multinucleated cells found on the surface of bone and are responsible for bone reabsorption and synthesise the bone matrix