anatomy of bunda + lower leg

Question 1

functions of lower limb

Answer 1

• support body weight
• locomotion
• maintain balance

Question 2

what is the muscle labelled in red?

Answer 2

quadratis femoris

Question 3

what muscle is labelled in red

Answer 3

obturator internus

Question 4

what muscle is labelled red?

Answer 4

gluteus maximus

Question 5

what is labelled red?

Answer 5

tensor fascia latae

Question 6

what is labelled red?

Answer 6

gluteus medius

Question 7

what is labelled red?

Answer 7

piriformis

Question 8

what is labelled red?

Answer 8

gemelli

Question 9

what muscles are in the superficial muscle group of the gluteus?

Answer 9

• gluteus maximus
• gluteus medius
• gluteus minimus
• tensor fascia lata

Question 10

what nerve is the gluteus Maximus innervated by?

Answer 10

-inferior gluteal nerve

Question 11

what are all the muscles in the superficial group of the gluteal region apart from the gluteus maximus innervated by?

Answer 11

superior gluteal

(the other nerves are the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata)

Question 12

what muscles are part of the deep muscle group?

Answer 12

• piriformis
• obturator internus
• gemelli
• quadratus femoris

Question 13

what is the role of the superficial muscle group of the gluteal region?

Answer 13

Superficial abductors and extenders

-abduct and extend the femur

(superficial muscles of gluteal region are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata)

Question 14

what are the roles of the deep muscle group of the gluteal region?

Answer 14

• deep lateral rotators
• mainly act to laterally rotate the femur

(muscles of the deep muscle group are the quadratus femoris, piriformis, gammelli and obturator internus)

Question 15

where do nerves enter/exit in pelvis and perineum?

Answer 15

via the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Question 16

what are the greater and lesser sciatic foramen formed by?

Answer 16

the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament

Question 17

what is the red box?

Answer 17

sacrospinous ligament

Question 18

what is the red box?

Answer 18

sacrotuberous

Question 19

what is the red box? (the hole)

Answer 19

the lesser sciatic foramen

Question 20

what is the red box?

Answer 20

the greater sciatic foramen

Question 21

what nerves are the sciatic nerves?

Answer 21

L4-S3

Question 22

what nerves are the pudendal nerves?

Answer 22

S2-S4

Question 23

what nerves are the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

Answer 23

S1-S3

Question 24

what nerve is the red box?

Answer 24

sciatic

Question 25

what nerve is the red box?

Answer 25

pudendal

Question 26

what is the nerve in the red box?

Answer 26

posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Question 27

what is the largest nerve in the body?

Answer 27

sciatic

Question 28

where does the sciatic nerve exit?

Answer 28

inferior to piriformis

Question 29

what does the sciatic nerve supply?

Answer 29

posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles and most of the skin via tibial and common fibular branches

Question 30

what is the nerve in the red box?

Answer 30

tibial nerve

Question 31

what nerve is in the red box?

Answer 31

common fibular

Question 32

what nerve is in the red box?

Answer 32

sciatic nerve

Question 33

what is the superior boundary of the femoral triangle?

Answer 33

inguinal ligament

Question 34

what is the medial boundary of the femoral triangle?

Answer 34

adductor longus

Question 35

what is the lateral boundary of the femoral triangle?

Answer 35

sartorius

Question 36

what is the floor of the femoral triangle?

Answer 36

iliopsoas and pectinus

Question 37

what is the roof of the femoral triangle?

Answer 37

deep fascia

Question 38

what are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 38

(from lateral to medial) femoral nerve femoral artery femoral vein lymphatics

Question 39

what is the red box?

Answer 39

iliotibial tract

Question 40

what is the fascia in the red box?

Answer 40

crural fascia

Question 41

what is the fascia in the red box?

Answer 41

fascia lata

Question 42

what is the muscle compartment under the blue box?

Answer 42

intermuscular septum

Question 43

what is compartment syndrome?

Answer 43

when pressure is increased due to increased swelling of tissue or increase in fluid affecting functions of the muscles or nerves in the compartment

Question 44

what is done to relieve compartment syndrome?

Answer 44

fasciotomy

Question 45

what are the 3 muscle compartments in the thigh?

Answer 45

anteroir, medial and posterior compartments

Question 46

what are the 3 compartments of the leg?

Answer 46

anterior, posterior and lateral

Question 47

what are the flexors of the anterior part of the thigh?

Answer 47

pectinus, iliopsoas, sartorius

Question 48

what nerves innervate the anterior compartment of the thigh? (apart from the psoas major)

Answer 48

femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Question 49

what is the psoas major innervated by?

Answer 49

L1, L2, L 3

Question 50

what are the adductors of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 50

- adductor longus - adductor brevis - adductor magnus - gracilis - obturator externes

Question 51

what nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh? (except hamstring part of adductor magnus)

Answer 51

obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Question 52

what innervates the hamstring part of the adductor magnus?

Answer 52

tibial nerve

Question 53

what are the extensors of thigh and flexors of leg in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 53

- semitendinosus - semimembranosus - biceps femoris

Question 54

what nerve innervate the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 54

the tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 55

what are the dorsiflexors of ankle and extensors of toes in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 55

- tibialis anterior - extensor digitorum longus - extensor hallucis longus - fibularis tertius

Question 56

what nerve innervates the dorsiflexors of ankle and extensors of toes in the anterior compartment of leg?

Answer 56

deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

Question 57

what muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 57

- fibularis longus - fibularis brevis

Question 58

what nerves innervate the lateral compartment of leg?

Answer 58

superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 59

what are the superficial muscles of the posterior of the leg? (plantarflexors of ankle)

Answer 59

gastrocnemius soleus plantaris

Question 60

what nerves innervate the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 60

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Question 61

what are the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg\>

Answer 61

- popliteus - flexor hallucis longus - flexor digitorum longus - tibialis posterior

Question 62

what nerve innervates the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 62

tibial nerve

Question 63

what type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 63

ball and socket, synovial

Question 64

what does multiaxial mean?

Answer 64

the joint can move in many axes

Question 65

what is the femoral nerve responsible for?

Answer 65

motor- knee extension and thigh flexion sensory- anterior and medial aspect of the thigh and lower leg

Question 66

what is the obturator nerve responsible for?

Answer 66

motor- thigh adduction sensory- medial thigh

Question 67

what is the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh responsible for?

Answer 67

motor- none sensory- lateral and posterior surfaces of the thigh

Question 68

what is the tibial nerve responsible for?

Answer 68

motor- foot plantar flexion and inversion sensory- sole of foot

Question 69

what is the common peroneal nerve responsible for?

Answer 69

motor=- foot dorsiflexion and eversion -extensor hallucis longus sensory= dorsal of the foot and the lower lateral part of the leg

Question 70

what is the superior gluteal nerve responsible for?

Answer 70

motor= hip abduction sensory= none

Question 71

what is the inferior gluteal nerve responsible for?

Answer 71

motor= hip extension and lateral rotation sensory= none

Question 72

what does injury to the superior gluteal nerve lead to?

Answer 72

positive Trendelenburgs sign

Question 73

what does injury to the inferior gluteal nerve lead to?

Answer 73

- difficult rising from the seated position - can't jump or climb stairs

Question 74

what is the role of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 74

- it is the main extensor of the thigh - assists with lateral rotation - however, it is only used when force is required such as running or climbing

Question 75

what is the role of the gluteus medius?

Answer 75

- same as gluteus minimus! - abducts and medially rotates the lower limb - during locomotion, it secures the pelvis, preventing pelvis drop of the opposite limb

Question 76

role of the gluteus minimus?

Answer 76

- same as gluteus medius! - abducts and medially rotates the lower limb - during locomotion, it secures the pelvis preventing pelvis drop of the opposite limb

Question 77

what is the role of the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 77

- assists the gluteus medius and minimus in the abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb - it also plays a supportive role in the gait