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brachial plexus Flashcards

1
Q

what is the brachial plexus?

A

a network of nerve fibres which supply the skin and musculature of the upper limb

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2
Q

where is the brachial plexus found?

A

it begins at the root of the neck, passes through the axilla and runs through the entire upper extremity

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3
Q

what forms the brachial plexus?

A

-anterior rami (divisions) of the cervical spine nerves C5, C6, C7 and C8 and the first thoracic nerve T1

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4
Q

what are the 5 divisions that the brachial plexus can be split into?

A

Read That Damn Cadaver Book

Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords and Branches

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5
Q

what are the ‘roots’ in the brachial plexus?

A

-when talking about the ‘roots’ we are referring to the anterior rami of C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1

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6
Q

where do paired spinal nerves arise?

A

-at each vertebral level

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7
Q

where do paired spinal nerves leave the spinal cord?

A

-via the intervertebral foramina

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8
Q

what role do the anterior and posterior rami of C5-T1 have?

A

anterior rami- make up brachial plexus which is responsible for supplying the skin and musculature of the upper limb

posterior rami- supply the skin and musculature of the intrinsic back muscles

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9
Q

what do C5-T1 have to pass through to enter the base of the neck?

A

anterior and medical scalene muscles

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10
Q

what are the trunks formed by the brachial plexus?

A
  • superior trunk
  • middle trunk
  • inferior trunk
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11
Q

what makes up the superior trunk of brachial plexus?

A

-combination of C5 and C6

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12
Q

what makes up the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C7

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13
Q

what makes up the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

-combination of C8 and T1

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14
Q

where are the trunks of the brachial plexus found?

A

-they run laterally, crossing the posterior triangle of the neck

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15
Q

what doe each trunk divid into?

A
  • 2 divisions
  • anterior division which travels towards the body
  • posterior division which travels to the back of the body

(as there are 3 trunks there are then 3 anterior and 3 posterior divisions)

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16
Q

where are the anterior and posterior divisions of the brachial plexus found?

A

-they leave the posterior triangle of the neck and pass into the axilla before they recombine into the cords of the brachial plexus

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17
Q

where do the anterior and posterior divisions recombine to form 3 cords?

A

in the axilla

18
Q

what are the 3 cords named after?

A

-theyre named by they’re position relative to the axillary artery

19
Q

what is the lateral cord formed by?

A
  • the anterior division of the superior trunk (C5, C6)

- the anterior division of the middle trunk (C7)

20
Q

what is the posterior cord formed by?

A
  • the posterior division of the superior trunk (C5, C6)
  • the posterior division of the medial trunk (C7)
  • the posterior division of the inferior trunk (C8, T1)
21
Q

the is the medial cord formed by?

A

-the anterior division of the inferior trunk (C8, T1)

22
Q

what do the cords give rise to?

A

-the major branches of the brachial plexus

23
Q

what branches come from the lateral cord?

A
  • muscocutaenous

- median

24
Q

what branches come from the posterior cord ?

A
  • axillary

- radial

25
Q

what branches come from the medial cord?

A
  • median

- ulnar

26
Q

what are the roots of the muscocutaenous nerve?

A

-C5, C6, C7

27
Q

what are the motor functions of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

-innervates the brachial, biceps brachia and corabrachialis muscles

28
Q

what is the sensory function of the muscocultaneous nerve?

A

-gives off the lateral cutaneous branch of the forearm, which innervates the lateral half of the anterior forearm and a small portion of the posterior forearm

29
Q

what is the arterial supply to the anterior compartment of teh upper arm?

A

brachial artery

30
Q

what is the function of the biceps brachii?

A
  • supination of the forearm

- it also flexes the arm at the elbow and at the shoulder

31
Q

what are the roots of the axillary nerve?

A

C5 and C6

32
Q

what is the motor function of the axillary nerve?

A

-innervates teres minor and deltoid

33
Q

what is the sensory function of the axillary nerve?

A

-gives off the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm, which innervates the inferior region of the deltoid (‘regimental badge area’)

34
Q

what are the roots of the median nerve?

A

C6-T1

some people however have strands of C5 as well

35
Q

what is the motor function of the median nerve?

A

supplies LOAF:

  • lateral two lumbrical (associated with index and middle fingers)
  • opponens pollicis brevis
  • abductor pollicis brevis
  • flexor pollicis brevis

Most of the flexor muscles in the forearm:

  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • pronator teres
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus
  • pronator Quadratus
36
Q

what is the sensory function of the median nerve?

A
  • it gives off the palmar cutaneous branch which innervates the lateral part of the palm
  • it also gives off the digital cutaneous branch which innervates the lateral three and a half fingers on the anterior (palmar) surface of the hand
37
Q

what are the roots of the radial nerve?

A

C5 to T1

38
Q

what is the motor function of teh radial nerve?

A
  • innervates the triceps brachii

- innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm

39
Q

what is the sensory function of teh radial nerve?

A
  • innervates the posterior aspect of arm and forearm

- innervates the posterolateral aspect of the hand

40
Q

what are the roots of the ulnar nerve?

A

-C8 and T1

41
Q

what is the motor function of the ulnar nerve?

A

innervates:

  • all the muscles of the hand apart from LOAF (lateral two lumbricals, opponens pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis brevis)
  • flexor carpi ulnas
  • medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
42
Q

what is the sensory function of the ulnar nerve?

A

-innervates the anterior and posterior surfaces of the medial one and a half fingers and associated palm area

MSK (64 decks)

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