Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MET2 > Transplant Immunology > Flashcards

Transplant Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Rejection

A

Recipient immune system attacking graft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 types of rejection

A

Hyperacute
Acute
Chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are types of classification defined

A

Time of occurence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does hyperacute rejection occur

A

Minutes to hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When does acute rejection occur

A

1wk - 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When does chronic rejection occur

A

Months to yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 rejection mechanisms

A

Acute cell mediated rejection
Acute antibody mediated rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What immune cells are involved in acute cell mediated rejection

A

Helper T lymphocytes
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tubulitis

A

Lymphocytes infiltrate kidney tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Endarteritis

A

Lymphocytes infiltrate artery walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Immune cells involved in antibody mediated rejection

A

Helper T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What antigens can antibodies be made against in antibody mediated rejection

A

ABO antigens
MHC antigens
MHC class I related chain A
other non self antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What structures are most commonly attacked in antibody mediated rejection

A

Artery endothelium
Capillary endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Histological features of antibody mediated rejection

A

Neutrophils in peritubular capillaries
Thrombosis
Arteritis/fibrinoid necrosis of vessels
Haemorrhage
Infarction
C4d deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does C4d complement bind to in antibody mediated rejection

A

Endothelial cell surfaces and matrix componenets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Criteria for acute antibody mediated rejection

A

Acute renal injury evidence on histology
Antibody activity evidence
Circulating anti donor specific antibodies

17
Q

What immune cells are involved in hyperacute rejection

A

B lymphocytes

18
Q

What causes hyperacute rejection

A

Host already presensitised to antigens on transplant and has antibodies

19
Q

What can pre sensitise a host to a transplant causing hyperacute rejection

A

Previous transplant
Previous transfusion
Previous pregnancy

20
Q

What can cause a graft to fail

A

Damaged before transplantation
Surgical complications
Recurrence of original disease
Rejection

21
Q

Which type of rejection can be caused by pre transplant damage and surgical complications

22
Q

How can hyperacute rejection be prevented

A

ABO compatibility
Screen for pre formed antibodies

23
Q

How are pre formed antibodies for a transplant screened for

A

Direct cross matching

24
Q

2 techniques for direct cross matching

A

Complement dependent cytotoxicity
Complement flow cytometry

25
What are most preformed antibodies in hyperacute rejection specific for
HLA
26
How can acute rejection be prevented
HLA matching Minimise ischaemia - prevent ischaemia reperfusion injury
27
When does warm ischaemia of a transplant occur
While artery clamped at normal temp
28
When does cold ischaemia of a transplant occur
While transplant on ice waiting to be put in donor
29
Ischaemia reperfusion injury
Non specific damage caused by ischaemia upregulating adhesion molecules and increasing adhesion of leucocytes during reperfusion
30
Preventing chronic rejection
Choosing best organ Minimise surgical damage Minimise acute rejection Minimise drug toxicity
31
Why does the relationship between the recipient immune system and the graft become less aggressive over time
Loss of bone marrow derived cells from donor Active regulation develops
32
2 types of allorecognition
Indirect allorecognition Direct allorecognition
33
Which type of allorecognition is more aggressive
Direct
34
What do immunosuppressants do
Prevent activation of helper t lymphocytes
35
How can immunosuppressants act
Ablate T cells Inhibit signal from antibody receptor Prevent cytokine gene activation Inhibit IL-2 receptor Inhibit signal from IL-2 receptor Inhibit T cell proliferation

MET2 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions