Imaging Flashcards
What affects absorbance of x rays
Density of object travelling through
What is the main use of x rays in urology
Stones
Why is ultrasound used a lot in urology
Urine is liquid
Where are ultrasound waves reflected
Phase boundaries
When determines the proportion of ultrasound waves reflected
Density
What is suggested if the ureter is very visible on ultrasound
Ureteric obstruction
Acoustic shadow
ultrasound artifact occurring at boundaries between significantly different tissue impedances, resulting in signal loss and a dark appearance
Does x ray or CT give a higher radiation dose
CT
What does positron emission tomography show
Metabolically active tissues - metastases
What substance is given to a patient in positron emission tomography
Radiolabelled glucose
Why do metastases light up on positron emission tomography
Metabolically active
PSMA
Prostate specific membrane antigen scanning
Which type of imaging mainly shows anatomy
Static
Which type of imaging gives info on function
Dynamic
Static imaging used in urology
MRI
PSMA
Positron emission tomography
CT
ultrasound
X ray
Dynamic imaging used in urology
nuclear imaging
3 types of nuclear imaging used in urology
MAG3 renogram
DMSA renigram
Bone scan
What does a MAG3 renogram give information on
Obstruction
Is the nuclear tracer bound, filtered or both n MAG3 Renograms and DMSA renograms
MAG3 - both
DMSA - bound only
What does the tracer bind to in a bone scan
Active bine
What does a bone scan show
Active bone - metastasis, pagets disease
2 types of endoscopy
Endoluminal
Exoluminal
What type of endoscopy uses a natural orifice
Endoluminal
What type of endoscopy creates a new hole
Exoluminal
What is used to inflate the abdomen during laparoscopy
CO2
5 types of endoscopes
Flexible fibre optic cystoscope
Rod lens cytoscope
Rod lens nephroscope
Semi rigid fibre optic ureterscope
Flexible fibre optic ureterorenoscope
Routes of entry for endoscopy
PCNL - Percutaneous nephrolithotomy - through skin
FURS/URS - (flexible) Ureteroscopy - through urethra
