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MET2 > Thyroid > Flashcards

Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

What is the active form of thyroid hormone

A

T3

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2
Q

What does the thyroid do to iodine

A

Concentrates and oxidises it

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3
Q

What is the inactive from of thyroid hormone

A

T4

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4
Q

What proteins is thyroid hormone bound to

A

Globulin
Albumin
Transthyretin

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5
Q

Which transporters only transport thyroid hormone

A

MCT8
MCT10

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6
Q

Which types of transporter can transport TH as well as other molecules

A

Some Organic anion transporters OATs
Some Amino acid transporters LATs

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7
Q

What converts T4 to T3

A

D1 and D2 - type 1 and 2 deiodinase

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8
Q

What does D1 do

A

Converts rT3 to T2
Converts T4 to T3

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9
Q

What does D2 do

A

Converts T4 to T3

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10
Q

What does D3 do

A

Converts T3 to T2
Converts T4 to rT3

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11
Q

Which type of deiodinase is found in the thyroid

A

D1

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12
Q

Which type of deiodinase is found in brown fat

A

D2

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13
Q

Which type of deiodinase is upregulates in hypothyroidism

A

D2

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14
Q

How does thyroid hormone work

A

Changes transcription of genes by binding to nuclear receptor

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15
Q

How is thyroid hormone controlled locally

A

Regulation of thyroid hormone uptake transporters
Regulation of local deiodinase levels
Regulation of thyroid hormone receptor expression

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16
Q

What does the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis do

A

Regulates thyroid hormone action

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17
Q

What systems and processes does thyroid hormone effect

A

Metabolism
Cardiovascular system
Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism
Growth
Reproduction and development
CNS

18
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Gland produces too much thyroid hormone

19
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

Taking too much thyroid hormone supplementation
Used interchangeably w hyperthyroidism

20
Q

How does hyperthyroidism affect the heart

A

Tachycardia
Atrial fibrillation

21
Q

How does hyperthyroidism affect metabolism

A

Incr BMR
incr appetite
Heat intolerance
Protein and lipid degradation
Weight loss
Myopathy
Incr insulin turnover
Incr Gluconeogenesis
Decr insulin secretion

22
Q

What can hyperthyroidism cause in the CNS

A

Nervousness
Seizures
Hyperphagia

23
Q

What nail abnormality is caused by hyperthyroidism

A

Plummers nails

24
Q

What skin sign is caused by hyperthyroidism

A

Pretibial myxoedema

25
Q

Impacts of hyperthyroidism in the GI tract

A

Incr appetite
Weight loss
Incr motility
Transaminitis

26
Q

Effects of hyperthyroidism on bones

A

Accelerated osteoclast activity
Hypercalcemia
Osteoporosis

27
Q

Effects of hyperthyroidism on blood

A

Pernicious anaemia
B12 deficiency

28
Q

Effects of hyperthyroidism on reproduction

A

Oligomenorrhoea
Gynecomastia
Erectile dysfunction

29
Q

Is Graves’ disease more common in men or women

A

Women

30
Q

Graves’ disease risk factors

A

HLA status
Infection
Stress
Female sex

31
Q

Thyrotoxicosis treatment

A

Thionamide drugs - propylthiouracil, carbimazole
Radioactive iodine I-131
Thyroidectomy

32
Q

Effects of hypothyroidism on cardiovascular system

A

Sinus bradycardia
Incr LDL
J waves of hypothermia on ECG

33
Q

Why does hypothyroidism cause sensitivity to cold

A

Reduced cutaneous circulation

34
Q

Effects of hypothyroidism on GI tract

A

Decr appetite
Constipation

35
Q

Effects of hypothyroidism on nervous system, muscle, and bone

A

Impaired foetal brain development
Dementia
Slow relaxing reflexes
Growth retardation

36
Q

Effects of hypothyroidism on kidneys and blood

A

Decr GFR
Mild hyponatremia
Normochromic Normocytic anaemia

37
Q

Effects of hypothyroidism on endocrine/repro system

A

Delayed puberty
Decr libido
Erectile dysfunction

38
Q

Effects of hypothyroidism on metabolism

A

Decr BMR
decr GLUT4 stimulation

39
Q

What causes cretinism

A

Insufficient TSH for foetal brain

40
Q

Hypothyroidism treatment

A

Levothyroxine

41
Q

How are T4 T3 and TSH levels in hyperthyroidism

A

T3 and T4 high
TSH suppressed

42
Q

How are T3 T4 and TSH in hypothyroidism

A

Low T3 and T4
High TSH

MET2 (25 decks)

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