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MET2 > Anterior Abdominal Wall And Inguinal Region > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall And Inguinal Region Flashcards

1
Q

3 muscle layers of abdominal wall

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

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2
Q

What is the most superficial muscle layer of the abdominal wall

A

External oblique

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3
Q

What direction do external oblique muscle fibres run

A

Anterior-inferior

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4
Q

Where do fibres of the external oblique attach

A

Ribs
Iliac crest

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5
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Flattened sheet of connective tissue

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6
Q

Where do muscle fibres of the abdominal wall become aponeurosis

A

Mid clavicular line

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7
Q

What is the middle muscle layer of the abdominal wall

A

Internal oblique

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8
Q

What direction do internal oblique muscle fibres run in

A

Anterior-superior

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9
Q

What is the deepest muscle layer of the abdominal wall

A

Transversus abdominis

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10
Q

What direction do Transversus abdominis fibres run in

A

Transverse

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11
Q

Where do fibres of the rectus abdominis attach

A

Xiphoid process and costal cartilages
Pubic symphysis

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12
Q

What structures break up the rectus abdominis

A

Tendinous intersections

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13
Q

Which muscle is enclosed by the aponeurotic sheath

A

Rectus abdominis

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14
Q

Which aponeurosis comprise the aponeurotic sheath

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique, and Transversus abdominis

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15
Q

Which line indicates a change in the structure of the abdominal wall

A

Arcuate line

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16
Q

How does the structure of the abdominal wall change below the arcuate line

A

Aponeurosis of Transversus abdominis goes from deep to rectus abdominis to superficial to ra
Aponeurosis of internal oblique goes from surrounding rectus abdominis to superficial to ra

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17
Q

What layer is deep to rectus abdominis both above and below the arcuate line

A

Transversalis fascia

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18
Q

What layers are superficial to rectus abdominis above the arcuate line

A

External oblique aponeurosis
Some of internal oblique aponeurosis

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19
Q

Which layers are superficial to rectus abdominis below the arcuate line

A

Transversus abdominis aponeurosis
Internal oblique aponeurosis
External oblique aponeurosis

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20
Q

Blood vessels that supply the abdominal wall + rectus sheath

A

Superior epigastric artery
Inferior epiGastric artery
Lower intercostal and lumbar arteries

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21
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery become when it enters the abdomen

A

Superior epigastric artery

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22
Q

What vessel is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of

A

External iliac artery

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23
Q

Where does the subcostal nerve run

A

Below T12 rib

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24
Q

What is the nerve root of the iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve

A

L1

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25
Q

What is the nerve root of the genitofemoral nerve

A

L1+2

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26
Q

What landmarks show the ends of the inguinal ligament

A

ASIS
pubic tubercle

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27
Q

What forms the inguinal ligament

A

Inferior border of external obliques aponeurosis rolling under itself

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28
Q

The aponeurosis of which muscle forms the inguinal ligament

A

External oblique

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29
Q

What is the lumen of the inguinal ligament called

A

Inguinal canal

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30
Q

Structures in the spermatic cord

A

Testicular artery
Vas deferens
Pampiniform venous plexus
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve

31
Q

What does the spermatic cord do

A

Contains structures running to/from testes
Suspends testes within scrotum

32
Q

What are the 3 layers surrounding the spermatic cord

A

External spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle
Internal spermatic fascia

33
Q

What structures are within the internal spermatic fascia in the spermatic cord

A

Testicular vessels
Vas deferens

34
Q

What structure is between the internal spermatic fascia and the cremaster muscle in the spermatic cord

A

Genitofemoral nerve

35
Q

Which structure is outside the external spermatic fascia in the spermatic cord

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

36
Q

Superficial inguinal ring

A

Point at which the spermatic cord emerges from the abdominal wall

37
Q

Deep inguinal ring

A

Point at which the contents of the spermatic cord enter the abdominal wall

38
Q

What structure is half way along the inguinal ligament

A

Deep inguinal ring

39
Q

Fibres of which muscle cover the spermatic cord

A

Internal oblique

40
Q

What structure do the testes descend through to reach the scrotum

A

Inguinal canal

41
Q

Are the testes retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal when developing in the abdomen

A

Retroperitoneal

42
Q

What is the tunica/processes vaginalis made up from

A

Peritoneum

43
Q

What does the Transversalis fascia become when it surrounds the testes as they descend

A

Internal spermatic fascia

44
Q

What muscle layer does the cremaster muscle come from

A

Internal oblique

45
Q

Which reflex is triggered by stroking the inner thigh in a man

A

Cremaster reflex

46
Q

What is the function of the cremaster muscle

A

Moves scrotum further from/closer to body

47
Q

How is the cremaster reflex ilicited

A

Stroke inner thigh

48
Q

Processes vaginalis

A

Infolding of peritoneum

49
Q

What does the external oblique become when surrounding the testis after descention

A

External spermatic fascia

50
Q

What does the tunica vaginalis allow

A

Free movement of testes inside scrotum

51
Q

What structure pinches off from the processus vaginalis in the scrotum

A

Tunica vaginalis

52
Q

Why is the inguinal canal smaller in women

A

No gonads move through it

53
Q

Why are inguinal hernias more common in men than women

A

Women have a smaller inguinal canal so a smaller area of weakness

54
Q

What is the round ligament of the uterus a remnant of

A

Gubernaculum

55
Q

What structure passes through the inguinal canal in females

A

Round ligament of the uterus

56
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of peritoneum and viscera through an opening or weakness

57
Q

Strangulation

A

Herniated viscera has its blood supply cut off

58
Q

What is the biggest risk associated with herniation

A

Strangulation

59
Q

What are the 2 types of inguinal hernia

A

Direct
Indirect

60
Q

Which type of inguinal hernia travels the full length of the inguinal canal

61
Q

What age group are direct inguinal hernias most common in

A

Makes over 40

62
Q

Where does a direct inguinal hernia pass through

A

Abdominal wall - usually hasselbachs triangle

63
Q

Which type of inguinal hernia commonly enters the scrotum

64
Q

How do indirect inguinal hernias enter the scrotum

A

Go through inguinal canal within processus vaginalis

65
Q

What congenital defect increases risk of indirect inguinal hernia

A

Patent processus vaginalis

66
Q

What type of inguinal hernia occurs medial to inferior epigastric vessels

67
Q

What type of inguinal hernia occurs lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

68
Q

Why is hasselbachs triangle a weakness in the abdominal wall

A

No muscular component to abdominal wall

69
Q

Borders of hasselbachs triangle

A

Inferior epigastric vessels
Inguinal ligament
Lateral border of rectus abdominis

70
Q

What type of hernia can occur after a surgery

A

Incisional hernia

71
Q

What can cause an umbilical hernia in a baby

A

Rectus abdominis not fully joined in midline

72
Q

Where do intestines herniate to in a femoral hernia

A

Femoral canal

73
Q

Are femoral hernias more common in men or women

74
Q

Where does the spermatic cord run

A

Inguinal canal

MET2 (25 decks)

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