Anterior Abdominal Wall And Inguinal Region

Question 1

3 muscle layers of abdominal wall

Answer 1

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

Question 2

What is the most superficial muscle layer of the abdominal wall

Answer 2

External oblique

Question 3

What direction do external oblique muscle fibres run

Answer 3

Anterior-inferior

Question 4

Where do fibres of the external oblique attach

Answer 4

Ribs
Iliac crest

Question 5

Aponeurosis

Answer 5

Flattened sheet of connective tissue

Question 6

Where do muscle fibres of the abdominal wall become aponeurosis

Answer 6

Mid clavicular line

Question 7

What is the middle muscle layer of the abdominal wall

Answer 7

Internal oblique

Question 8

What direction do internal oblique muscle fibres run in

Answer 8

Anterior-superior

Question 9

What is the deepest muscle layer of the abdominal wall

Answer 9

Transversus abdominis

Question 10

What direction do Transversus abdominis fibres run in

Answer 10

Transverse

Question 11

Where do fibres of the rectus abdominis attach

Answer 11

Xiphoid process and costal cartilages
Pubic symphysis

Question 12

What structures break up the rectus abdominis

Answer 12

Tendinous intersections

Question 13

Which muscle is enclosed by the aponeurotic sheath

Answer 13

Rectus abdominis

Question 14

Which aponeurosis comprise the aponeurotic sheath

Answer 14

Aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique, and Transversus abdominis

Question 15

Which line indicates a change in the structure of the abdominal wall

Answer 15

Arcuate line

Question 16

How does the structure of the abdominal wall change below the arcuate line

Answer 16

Aponeurosis of Transversus abdominis goes from deep to rectus abdominis to superficial to ra
Aponeurosis of internal oblique goes from surrounding rectus abdominis to superficial to ra

Question 17

What layer is deep to rectus abdominis both above and below the arcuate line

Answer 17

Transversalis fascia

Question 18

What layers are superficial to rectus abdominis above the arcuate line

Answer 18

External oblique aponeurosis
Some of internal oblique aponeurosis

Question 19

Which layers are superficial to rectus abdominis below the arcuate line

Answer 19

Transversus abdominis aponeurosis
Internal oblique aponeurosis
External oblique aponeurosis

Question 20

Blood vessels that supply the abdominal wall + rectus sheath

Answer 20

Superior epigastric artery
Inferior epiGastric artery
Lower intercostal and lumbar arteries

Question 21

What does the internal thoracic artery become when it enters the abdomen

Answer 21

Superior epigastric artery

Question 22

What vessel is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of

Answer 22

External iliac artery

Question 23

Where does the subcostal nerve run

Answer 23

Below T12 rib

Question 24

What is the nerve root of the iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 24

L1

Question 25

What is the nerve root of the genitofemoral nerve

Answer 25

L1+2

Question 26

What landmarks show the ends of the inguinal ligament

Answer 26

ASIS pubic tubercle

Question 27

What forms the inguinal ligament

Answer 27

Inferior border of external obliques aponeurosis rolling under itself

Question 28

The aponeurosis of which muscle forms the inguinal ligament

Answer 28

External oblique

Question 29

What is the lumen of the inguinal ligament called

Answer 29

Inguinal canal

Question 30

Structures in the spermatic cord

Answer 30

Testicular artery Vas deferens Pampiniform venous plexus Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 31

What does the spermatic cord do

Answer 31

Contains structures running to/from testes Suspends testes within scrotum

Question 32

What are the 3 layers surrounding the spermatic cord

Answer 32

External spermatic fascia Cremaster muscle Internal spermatic fascia

Question 33

What structures are within the internal spermatic fascia in the spermatic cord

Answer 33

Testicular vessels Vas deferens

Question 34

What structure is between the internal spermatic fascia and the cremaster muscle in the spermatic cord

Answer 34

Genitofemoral nerve

Question 35

Which structure is outside the external spermatic fascia in the spermatic cord

Answer 35

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 36

Superficial inguinal ring

Answer 36

Point at which the spermatic cord emerges from the abdominal wall

Question 37

Deep inguinal ring

Answer 37

Point at which the contents of the spermatic cord enter the abdominal wall

Question 38

What structure is half way along the inguinal ligament

Answer 38

Deep inguinal ring

Question 39

Fibres of which muscle cover the spermatic cord

Answer 39

Internal oblique

Question 40

What structure do the testes descend through to reach the scrotum

Answer 40

Inguinal canal

Question 41

Are the testes retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal when developing in the abdomen

Answer 41

Retroperitoneal

Question 42

What is the tunica/processes vaginalis made up from

Answer 42

Peritoneum

Question 43

What does the Transversalis fascia become when it surrounds the testes as they descend

Answer 43

Internal spermatic fascia

Question 44

What muscle layer does the cremaster muscle come from

Answer 44

Internal oblique

Question 45

Which reflex is triggered by stroking the inner thigh in a man

Answer 45

Cremaster reflex

Question 46

What is the function of the cremaster muscle

Answer 46

Moves scrotum further from/closer to body

Question 47

How is the cremaster reflex ilicited

Answer 47

Stroke inner thigh

Question 48

Processes vaginalis

Answer 48

Infolding of peritoneum

Question 49

What does the external oblique become when surrounding the testis after descention

Answer 49

External spermatic fascia

Question 50

What does the tunica vaginalis allow

Answer 50

Free movement of testes inside scrotum

Question 51

What structure pinches off from the processus vaginalis in the scrotum

Answer 51

Tunica vaginalis

Question 52

Why is the inguinal canal smaller in women

Answer 52

No gonads move through it

Question 53

Why are inguinal hernias more common in men than women

Answer 53

Women have a smaller inguinal canal so a smaller area of weakness

Question 54

What is the round ligament of the uterus a remnant of

Answer 54

Gubernaculum

Question 55

What structure passes through the inguinal canal in females

Answer 55

Round ligament of the uterus

Question 56

Hernia

Answer 56

Protrusion of peritoneum and viscera through an opening or weakness

Question 57

Strangulation

Answer 57

Herniated viscera has its blood supply cut off

Question 58

What is the biggest risk associated with herniation

Answer 58

Strangulation

Question 59

What are the 2 types of inguinal hernia

Answer 59

Direct Indirect

Question 60

Which type of inguinal hernia travels the full length of the inguinal canal

Answer 60

Indirect

Question 61

What age group are direct inguinal hernias most common in

Answer 61

Makes over 40

Question 62

Where does a direct inguinal hernia pass through

Answer 62

Abdominal wall - usually hasselbachs triangle

Question 63

Which type of inguinal hernia commonly enters the scrotum

Answer 63

Indirect

Question 64

How do indirect inguinal hernias enter the scrotum

Answer 64

Go through inguinal canal within processus vaginalis

Question 65

What congenital defect increases risk of indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 65

Patent processus vaginalis

Question 66

What type of inguinal hernia occurs medial to inferior epigastric vessels

Answer 66

Direct

Question 67

What type of inguinal hernia occurs lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

Answer 67

Indirect

Question 68

Why is hasselbachs triangle a weakness in the abdominal wall

Answer 68

No muscular component to abdominal wall

Question 69

Borders of hasselbachs triangle

Answer 69

Inferior epigastric vessels Inguinal ligament Lateral border of rectus abdominis

Question 70

What type of hernia can occur after a surgery

Answer 70

Incisional hernia

Question 71

What can cause an umbilical hernia in a baby

Answer 71

Rectus abdominis not fully joined in midline

Question 72

Where do intestines herniate to in a femoral hernia

Answer 72

Femoral canal

Question 73

Are femoral hernias more common in men or women

Answer 73

Women

Question 74

Where does the spermatic cord run

Answer 74

Inguinal canal