Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MET2 > Liver Disease And Metabolism > Flashcards

Liver Disease And Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Chronic liver disease causes

A

Alcohol
Fat
Metabolic syndrome
Viral hepatitis
Biliary disease
Autoimmune disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 steps of liver disease progression

A

Primary injury
Inflammation
Liver cell injury/death
Fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why may the liver not be able to regenerate after damage

A

Damage too advanced
Damage too extensive
Regenerative capacity exhausted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens when the liver cannot regenerate after injury

A

Fibrotic nodules/scar tissue laid down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What factors drive the progression of liver disease

A

Degree/ number of injuries
Genetics
Micro biome
Environment
Diet
Drugs + toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is cirrhosis reversible

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Liver functions

A

Protein synthesis and metabolism
Bile production
Hormone metabolism
Drug metabolism
Carbohydrate metabolism
Lipid metabolism
Immunological function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What substances is the liver involved in metabolism of

A

Protein
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Hormones
Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chronic liver disease symptoms

A

Weight loss
Tiredness
Pruritis
Pale stools
Dark urine
Complications of underlying disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pruritis

A

Severe itching skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the audit C score assess

A

Alcohol use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why are travel and illicit drug use important in taking a history for liver disease

A

Travel to places where hep C is prevalent
Hep C from needles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Signs of liver disease on examination

A

Nail clubbing
Palmar erythema
Spider naevi
Gynaecomastia
Hair loss
Proximal wasting
Scratch marks
Xanthelasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can chronic liver cause xanthelasma

A

Cholesterol deposits are associated with primary biliary cholangitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which tests can be used to asses liver function

A

Albumin
INR/prothrombin time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which tests can be used to assess stage of liver disease

A

Platelet count
ALT/AST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ALT/AST

A

the ratio between the concentrations of the enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What substances can be measured in the blood to assess the liver

A

Bilirubin
AST
ALT
alkaline phosphate
Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do high AST and ALT in the blood indicate

A

Liver cell damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Is AST or ALT more liver specific

A

ALT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Does high alkaline phosphatase and GGT suggest a hepatic or cholestatic issue

A

Cholectatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If AST is higher than ALT is liver damage likely due to alcohol or viruses

A

Alcohol - unless liver has significant fibrosis

23
Q

If ALT is higher than AST is liver damage likely die to alcohol or viruses

A

Viruses - unless liver has significant fibrosis

24
Q

What is the maximum ALT concentration alcohol can cause

25
What imaging is used in liver disease
Ultrasound CT MRI ERCT/MRCP
26
What can be viewed using ultrasound in liver disease
Biliary tree Liver lesions Ascites Spleen Veins
27
Complications of chronic liver disease
Portal hypertension Liver failure malignancy
28
Why does chronic liver disease cause portal hypertension
Cirrhosis
29
How much of the livers blood supply if from the portal circulation
75%
30
What signs and symptoms are caused by portal hypertension
Caput Medusa Ascites Splenomegaly
31
How does liver fibrosis cause portal hypertension
Blood doesn’t flow as easily from portal veins into liver so pressure in portal vein incr
32
What effect of chronic liver disease causes ascites
Portal hypertension
33
How does portal hypertension cause ascites
Water pushed from portal vasculature to abdo cavity due to - Incr pressure in portal veins Decr oncotic pressure exerted by albumin Less breakdown of vasodilator peptides
34
How does the RAAS cause a viscous cycle in patients with ascites
Ascites -> decr circ volume -> RAAS activation -> more H2O reabsorbed
35
What does back flow of blood into the spleen due to portal hypertension cause
Splenomegaly
36
How does portal hypertension cause hepatorenal syndrome
RAAS causes renal vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion of the kidney
37
Ascites treatment
Low salt diet Diuretics TIPPS
38
TIPPS
small stent between portal and systemic vasculature
39
Why does why does portal hypertension cause varicella bleeding in the eosophagus
Blood seeks alternative channels
40
Varicella bleeding treatment
Resuscitation Terlepressin Antibiotics Banding Injection sclerotherapy TIPPS
41
How can variceal bleeding due to portal hypertension be prevented
Beta blocker - Propranolol/Carvedilol Banding
42
When does hepatic decompensation occur
Liver no longer completes life preserving functions
43
What can occur when the liver stops removing toxins from the blood due to Decompensation
Encephalopathy
44
Hepatic encephalopathy causes
Sepsis Bleeding Drugs Deteriorating liver function
45
Hepatic encephalopathy
Confusional state precipitated by liver disease
46
Hepatic encephalopathy treatment
Lactulose Transplant
47
How is ammonia produced in the GI tract
Glutamine broken down to glutamate + ammonia
48
What usually happens to ammonia produced in the GI tract
Converted to urea in the liver and excreted by the kidneys, or combined with glutamate in the muscles to form glutamine
49
What type of liver disease is shown by a class A child-Pugh score
Compensated
50
What type of liver disease is shown by a class B or C Child-Pugh score
Decompensated
51
What type of cancer may be caused by liver disease
Hepatocellular carcinoma
52
Hepatocellular carcinoma risk factors
Hepatitis Cirrhosis Male African or Asian ethnicity Smoking Family history
53
Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment
Radiofreq ablation Transarterial chemoembolisation Drugs Surgical resection Liver transplant
54
What percentage of hepatocytes containing fat is increased
5-10%

MET2 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions