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MET2 > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

5 basic classes of diuretics

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Thiazide
Loop
Potassium sparing diuretics
Osmotic diuretics

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2
Q

Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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3
Q

What class is Acetazolamide

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

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4
Q

What class are frusemide and bumetanide

A

Loop diuretics

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5
Q

Which diuretic class is most effective and the main therapeutic class

A

Loop

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6
Q

Where do loop diuretics work

A

Thick ascending limb

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7
Q

Which ions are not reabsorbed because of loop diuretics

A

Na
K
Mg - side effect
Ca - side effect

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8
Q

Which transporter do loop diuretics bind to

A

Na+K+2Cl- transporter

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9
Q

What type of diuretic are bendroflumethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide diuretics

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10
Q

What type of diuretics are chlorthalidone, indapamide, and metolazone

A

Thiazide like drugs

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11
Q

Where do thiazide diuretics work

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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12
Q

How can thiazide diuretics affect serum calcium

A

Increase

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13
Q

What transporter do thiazide diuretics affect

A

Na+Cl-

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14
Q

2 types of potassium sparing diuretics

A

Apithelial Na channel antagonists
Aldosterone antagonists

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15
Q

What type of diuretic are spironolactone and eplerenone

A

Aldosterone antagonists - potassium sparing diuretics

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16
Q

How do aldosterone antagonists decrease sodium reabsorption

A

Decrease Na channel nbr

17
Q

Osmotic diuretics

A

Osmotically active molecules that are freely filtered in the glomerulus and not reabsorbed by the tubules

18
Q

What type of diuretic is mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretic

19
Q

How do osmotic diuretics decrease Na reabsorption

A

Increase osmolality of filtrate decreasing reabsorption of all solutes

20
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor side effects

A

Metabolic acidosis
Sedation
Sulphonamide antibiotics - Bone marrow suppression

21
Q

What is the primary use of thiazide diuretics

A

Antihypertensives

22
Q

Thiazide diuretic antihypertensive effects

A

Decr plasma volume
Decr peripheral resistance

23
Q

Thiazide diuretic side effects

A

Hypokalaemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyponatremia
Hyperglycaemia
Hypercholesterolaemia

24
Q

Loop diuretic use

A

Hypertension
Heart failure
CKD volume overload

25
Q

Loop diuretic side effects

A

Hypokalaemia
Dehydration
Kidney stones
Deafness

26
Q

Aldosterone inhibitor uses

A

Hyperaldosteronism
Heart failure
Hypokalaemia
Cirrhosis

27
Q

Which drugs can be used to counteract hypokalaemia from diuretics

A

Aldosterone inhibitor diuretics

28
Q

Aldosterone inhibitor side effects

A

Hyperkalaemia
Gynecomastia
Hyponatremia

29
Q

Amiloride uses

A

Heart failure
Hypokalaemia
Cirrhosis

30
Q

Amiloride side effects

A

Hyperkalaemia
Hyponatremia

31
Q

Osmotic diuretic uses

A

Cerebral oedema
Oliguric acute renal failure

32
Q

Osmotic diuretic side effects

A

Transient fluid overload
Pulmonary oedema
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state
Disequilibrium syndrome

33
Q

When can diuretics not be used

A

Hypotension
Dehydration
Hypokalaemia - loop and thiazide
Hyperkalaemia - Potassium sparing diuretics
Post surgery w poor urine output

34
Q

New type of diuretics

A

SGLT-2 inhibitors

35
Q

SGLT-2 inhibitor suffix

A

Flozin

36
Q

Where do SGLT-2 inhibitor work

A

Proximal tubule

37
Q

How do SGLT-2 inhibitors work

A

Decr glucose reabsorption
Decr pressure in glomerulus by constricting afferent arteriole

38
Q

Effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors

A

Glucosurea
Decr Uris aid
Naturesis
Decr hyperfiltration
Reversible GFR reduction

MET2 (25 decks)

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