Diuretics Flashcards
5 basic classes of diuretics
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Thiazide
Loop
Potassium sparing diuretics
Osmotic diuretics
Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work
Proximal convoluted tubule
What class is Acetazolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
What class are frusemide and bumetanide
Loop diuretics
Which diuretic class is most effective and the main therapeutic class
Loop
Where do loop diuretics work
Thick ascending limb
Which ions are not reabsorbed because of loop diuretics
Na
K
Mg - side effect
Ca - side effect
Which transporter do loop diuretics bind to
Na+K+2Cl- transporter
What type of diuretic are bendroflumethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretics
What type of diuretics are chlorthalidone, indapamide, and metolazone
Thiazide like drugs
Where do thiazide diuretics work
Distal convoluted tubule
How can thiazide diuretics affect serum calcium
Increase
What transporter do thiazide diuretics affect
Na+Cl-
2 types of potassium sparing diuretics
Apithelial Na channel antagonists
Aldosterone antagonists
What type of diuretic are spironolactone and eplerenone
Aldosterone antagonists - potassium sparing diuretics
How do aldosterone antagonists decrease sodium reabsorption
Decrease Na channel nbr
Osmotic diuretics
Osmotically active molecules that are freely filtered in the glomerulus and not reabsorbed by the tubules
What type of diuretic is mannitol
Osmotic diuretic
How do osmotic diuretics decrease Na reabsorption
Increase osmolality of filtrate decreasing reabsorption of all solutes
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor side effects
Metabolic acidosis
Sedation
Sulphonamide antibiotics - Bone marrow suppression
What is the primary use of thiazide diuretics
Antihypertensives
Thiazide diuretic antihypertensive effects
Decr plasma volume
Decr peripheral resistance
Thiazide diuretic side effects
Hypokalaemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyponatremia
Hyperglycaemia
Hypercholesterolaemia
Loop diuretic use
Hypertension
Heart failure
CKD volume overload
Loop diuretic side effects
Hypokalaemia
Dehydration
Kidney stones
Deafness
Aldosterone inhibitor uses
Hyperaldosteronism
Heart failure
Hypokalaemia
Cirrhosis
Which drugs can be used to counteract hypokalaemia from diuretics
Aldosterone inhibitor diuretics
Aldosterone inhibitor side effects
Hyperkalaemia
Gynecomastia
Hyponatremia
Amiloride uses
Heart failure
Hypokalaemia
Cirrhosis
Amiloride side effects
Hyperkalaemia
Hyponatremia
Osmotic diuretic uses
Cerebral oedema
Oliguric acute renal failure
Osmotic diuretic side effects
Transient fluid overload
Pulmonary oedema
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state
Disequilibrium syndrome
When can diuretics not be used
Hypotension
Dehydration
Hypokalaemia - loop and thiazide
Hyperkalaemia - Potassium sparing diuretics
Post surgery w poor urine output
New type of diuretics
SGLT-2 inhibitors
SGLT-2 inhibitor suffix
Flozin
Where do SGLT-2 inhibitor work
Proximal tubule
How do SGLT-2 inhibitors work
Decr glucose reabsorption
Decr pressure in glomerulus by constricting afferent arteriole
Effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors
Glucosurea
Decr Uris aid
Naturesis
Decr hyperfiltration
Reversible GFR reduction
