Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MET2 > Nutrition In Practice > Flashcards

Nutrition In Practice Flashcards

1
Q

Malnutrition

A

A state of nutrition in which a deficiency or excess of energy, protein, and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on tissue/body form and function and clinical outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes malnutrition

A

Intake less/more than requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can decrease nutrition intake

A

Decr food availability or quality
Dysphagia
Nil by mouth
Treatment side effects
Pain
Constipation
Psychological conditions
Low income
Poor dentition
Reflux
Food intolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can increase nutrition requirements

A

Infections
Movement
Wound healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can increase nutrient losses

A

Malabsorption
Diarrhoea
Vomiting
High stoma output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can malnutrition lead to

A

Decr resp function
Decr cardiac function
Decr mobility
Incr pressure sore risk
Decr wound healing
Incr malabsorption risk
Apathy
Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When should patients receive nutrition screening

A

Admission to hospital
Weekly in hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most widely used nutrition screening tool

A

MUST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which 3 factors are scored in MUST

A

BMI
Weight loss
Acute disease effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What group is malnutrition likely to be missed in

A

Overweight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is normal BMI

A

20-25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What BMI is overweight

A

> 25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What BMI is underweight

A

<19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Surrogate measures for height

A

Knee height
Demispan
Ulna length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a surrogate measure for weight

A

Mid upper arm circumference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can cause significant difference between weight and dry weight

A

Ascites
Peripheral oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anthropometric measures

A

Weight
Height
BMI
Weight history
Mid upper arm circumference
Fat mass
Fat free mass

18
Q

What can skin folds be used to measure

A

Fat mass

19
Q

How is fat free mass measured

A

Arm muscle circumference

20
Q

How can muscle strength and endurance be measured

A

Handgrip dynamometry

21
Q

Normal albumin level

A

35-50g/l

22
Q

Albumin function

A

Maintains oncotic pressure

23
Q

Causes of hypoalbuminaemia

A

Inadequate protein intake
Inflammation
Sepsis

24
Q

Why does inflammation and sepsis cause hypoalbuminaemia

A

Capillary walls become porous and albumin leaves plasma

25
Q

Why do anorexia nervous patients often have normal albumin levels

A

Not acutely unwell w infection

26
Q

Refeeding syndrome

A

Potentially fatal condition characterised by severe fluid and electrolyte shifts and related metabolic implications in malnourished patients undergoing refeeding

27
Q

How do insulin and glucagon levels change in starvation

A

Glucagon incr
Insulin decr

28
Q

How soon is glycogen used up in starvation

A

24-72hrs

29
Q

What are fatty acids metabolised to in starvation

A

Ketone bodies

30
Q

What intracellular stores are depleted in starvation

A

K+
PO4-
Mg2+

31
Q

What causes refeeding syndrome

A

Insulin simulates K PO4 and Mg to move into cells decreasing plasma concentrations

32
Q

What triggers refeeding syndrome

A

Insulin secretion from metabolism change from fatty acid to carbohydrates

33
Q

What does refeeding syndrome cause

A

Hypophosphataemia
Hypomagnesaemia
Hypokalaemia

34
Q

Symptoms of Hypophosphataemia

A

Seizures
Paraesthesia
Rhabdomyolysis
Weakness
Osteomalacia
Impaired resp muscle function
Cardiac failure
Fluid and salt retention

35
Q

Hypomagnesaemia symptoms

A

Tetany
Paraesthesia
Seizures
Ataxia
Tremor
Arrhythmia
Anorexia
Abdo pain

36
Q

Hypokalaemia symptoms

A

Paralysis
Paraesthesia
Rhabdomyolysis
Resp depression
Arrhythmia
Cardiac arrest
Constipation
Paralytic ileus

37
Q

What increases risk of refeeding syndrome

A

Little food intake for 5+ days
Low BMI
Unintentional weight loss
Low electrolyte levels
Alcohol or drug abuse, medications

38
Q

2 groups of routes for nutrition support

A

Enteral
Parenteral

39
Q

Enteral routes for nutrition support

A

Oral
Nasogastric
Orogastric
Nasojejenal
Gastrostomy
Jejunostomy

40
Q

Parenteral routes for nutrition support

A

Peripheral IV
Central IV

41
Q

Main types of oral nutrition support

A

Supplement drinks

42
Q

What aspect of nutrition support is important for patients with dysphagia

A

Increased thickness of drinks

MET2 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions