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MET2 > Acid Base Physiology > Flashcards

Acid Base Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Physiological pH

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

What is the most important issue from high or low pH

A

Protein structure and function damage

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3
Q

What happens when pH is acutely out of range

A

Negatively ionotrophic
Air hunger
Cellular disfunction
Affects K+ distribution - maintain electrical neutrality

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4
Q

How does chronic out of range pH affect the body

A

Effect bones and stone formation
Progress of kidney disease

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5
Q

Where is titratable acid in the body from

A

Diet

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6
Q

Where is volatile acid in the body from

A

Cellular respiration

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7
Q

How is acid added to the body

A

Cellular respiration
Dietary acid
Physiological states at exercise
Pathological states eg ketoacidosis

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8
Q

What pathologies increase acid

A

Methanol poisoning
Ethylene glycol poisoning
Drugs/toxins
CO poisoning
Hypotension
Hypoxia
Uncontrolled diabetes
Starvation

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9
Q

Which organs excrete acid as part of buffer systems

A

Lungs
Kidneys

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10
Q

Most important buffer system in body

A

Bicarbonate

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11
Q

3 minor pH buffer systems

A

Plasma proteins
Bone
Intracellular phosphates

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12
Q

Is acid excretion quicker in the lungs or kidneys

A

Lungs

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13
Q

What triggers increased ventilation in response to pH

A

High pCO2
Low pH

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14
Q

How does the kidneys increase acid secretion from the body

A

Increase acidity of urine

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15
Q

Where is HCO3 reabsorbed in the kidney

A

Proximal tubule

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16
Q

Where is H+ excreted from the nephrons to control pH

A

Distal tubule
Collecting duct

17
Q

Are acidaemia and alkalaemia conditions or processes

A

Conditions

18
Q

Are acidosis and alkalosis conditions or processes

A

Processes

19
Q

Compensation

A

Secondary process trying to oppose the primary one and maintain normal blood pH

20
Q

Respiratory acid/alkalosis

A

pH change related to ventilation

21
Q

Metabolic acid/alkalosis

A

pH change associated w HCO3 consumption and regeneration

22
Q

What is the primary abnormality in respiratory acidosis and alkalosis

A

pCO2

23
Q

Primary abnormality in metabolic acidosis

A

Low HCO3

24
Q

What is used to identify the cause of low HCO3 in metabolic acidosis

A

Anion gap

25
Q

What causes metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap

A

Addition of exogenous acid, no Cl- compensation
Acid ingestion/ poisoning
Lactic / ketoacidosis - acid gen
Renal failure - acid retention

26
Q

What causes metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap

A

Primary loss of HCO3

27
Q

What can decrease plasma HCO3

A

Acid ingestion
Acid generation
Acid retention
HCO3 loss

28
Q

What is a normal anion gap

A

16

29
Q

Why is anion gap normal in acidosis caused by HCO3 loss

A

Compensatory rise in Cl-

30
Q

What is the commonest cause of normal anion gap acidosis

A

Diarrhoea

MET2 (25 decks)

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