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MET2 > Hypothalamo Pituitary Axis > Flashcards

Hypothalamo Pituitary Axis Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamic nuclei

A

Paraventricular
Anterior
Supraoptic
Dorsomedial
Ventromedial
Arcuate
Posterior
Mamillary body

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2
Q

How many hypothalamic nuclei are there

A

8

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3
Q

What does the hypothalamus regulate

A

Pituitary function
Feeding - appetite and satiety
Stress response
Water balance
Sleep wake cycle
Thermoregulation
Emotions

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4
Q

What type of tissue is the adenohypophysis

A

Glandular

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5
Q

What type of tissue is the neurohypophysis

A

Neural

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6
Q

What does the pituitary gland sit in

A

Sella turcica

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7
Q

What structures surround the pituitary gland

A

Cavernous sinus
ICA
Optic chiasm

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8
Q

What visual defect can a pituitary enlargement cause

A

Bitemporal hemianopia

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9
Q

What hormones are released by the pituitary

A

GH
TSH
PRL
ACTH
FSH
LH

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10
Q

What hormone stimulates GH release

A

GHRH

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11
Q

What does somatostatin do

A

Inhibits GH and TSH release
Inhibits PRL insulin and glucagon release

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12
Q

How does dopamine effect PRL release

A

Inhibits

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13
Q

What hormones stimulate ACTH release

A

CRH and AVP(ADH)

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14
Q

What hormones stimulate FSH and LH release

A

Kisspeptin
GnRH

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15
Q

Thyroid axis

A

TRH -> TSH -> t4 -> t3
T4 inhibits TRH and TSH

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16
Q

Where are TRH, TSH, and T4 released

A

TRH - hypothalamus
TSH - pituitary gland
T4 - thyroid

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17
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary thyroid underactivity/over activity

A

Primary caused by decr/incr response in thyroid
Secondary caused by decr/incr response in pituitary

18
Q

Role of the GH axis

A

GH regulation

19
Q

What does GHRH do

A

Promote GH cell clusters for coordinated responses
Increase GH cell number
Increase GH synthesis
Stimulate GH release

20
Q

What hormones are in the GH axis

A

GHRH
SS
Pit-1 + prop1 - trans factors
GH
IGF-I
IGF-II

21
Q

What causes McCune Albright syndrome

A

Mosaic mutation in GNAS gene

22
Q

McCune Albright syndrome classic triad

A

Fibrous dysplasia of bone
Café au late spots
Endocrine dysfunction + precocious puberty

23
Q

How many types of somatostatin receptors are there

A

5 - SSTR1 SSTR2 SSTR3 SSTR4 STR5

24
Q

What causes pituitary gigantism

A

Too much GH

25
Q

Why are males more likely to have pituitary gigantism

A

Duplication mutation on X chromosome

26
Q

What hormones are involved in the hypathalamo pituitary adrenal axis

A

CRH
Arginine-vasopressin
ACTH
cortisol

27
Q

2 types of Cushing’s syndrome

A

ACTH dependent
ACTH independent

28
Q

What causes ACTH independent Cushing’s syndrome

A

Steroid therapy
Adrenal hyperplasia
Adrenal tumour

29
Q

What causes ACTH dependent Cushing’s syndrome

A

Pituitary adenoma

30
Q

What axis involves kisspeptin, GnRH, LH, FSH, oestrogen, and testosterone

A

Gonadal axis

31
Q

What subunit s the same in TSH LH FSH and HCG

A

Alpha subunit

32
Q

What happens when there is continuous GnRH drive

A

Receptor desensitisation

33
Q

How is the the gonadal axis stimulated medically

A

Pulsation GnRH

34
Q

Kallmann syndrome

A

genetic disorder that prevents a person from starting or fully completing puberty, and no sense of smell

35
Q

What nuclei are neuronal pathways in the posterior pituitary from

A

Paraventricular
Supraoptic

36
Q

Oxytocin functions

A

Giving birth
Milk ejection
Social recognition
Pro sociality
Perceptual selectivity

37
Q

What increases vasopressin release

A

Increased osmolality

38
Q

What causes cranial diabetes insipidus

A

Absence of vasopressin

39
Q

Which part of the brain controls the pituitary

A

Hypothalamus

40
Q

How can pituitary tumours cause clinical problems

A

Local mass effects
Secreting excess hormones
Hypopituitarism

MET2 (25 decks)

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