Liver Anatomy Flashcards
Why can the liver not usually be palpated
Under ribcage
What does the liver sit underneath
Right dome of diapragm
4 lobes of the liver
Left
Right
Quadrate
Caudate
Is the liver retro or intraperitoneal
Intraperitoneal
What is the area of the liver not covered by the peritoneum called
Bare area
What is the bare area of the liver
Area of liver not covered by peritoneum
5 ligaments of the liver
Anterior coronary
Posterior coronary
Falciform
Round / Ligamentum Teres
Left triangular
What is the function of the ductus venosus in the foetal circulation
Bypass liver and shunt blood straight to IVC
What is the Ligamentum venosum a fibrosed remnant of
Ductus venosus
What is the round ligament of the liver/ Ligamentum Teres a fibrosed remnant of
Umbilical vein
What structures run in the free border of the lesser omentum
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery proper
Bile duct
Hepatic portal circulation
Deoxygenate blood from the digestive tract passes to the liver before returning to the heart
What vessels join to form the hepatic portal vein
Splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
What disease leads to cirrhosis
Chronic liver disease
Cirrhosis
Replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis, scar tissue, and regenerative nodules
Why do varicella increase in size and rupture
High pressure of blood
Where do oesophageal varies form
Gastro oesophageal junction - anastomosis of left gastric vein w oesophageal veins
Haematemesis
Vomiting blood
Most sever complication of cirrhosis
Variceal bleeding
How are oesophageal varices treated
Oesophageal banding
What veins are most commonly effected in caput medusae
Paraumbilical veins
Intercostal veins
Inferior epigastric veins
Most what veins does the inferior rectal vein drain into
Internal pudendal vein
What vein do the internal pudendal veins and middle rectal veins drain into
Internal iliac vein
Where does the superior rectal vein drain to
Inferior mesenteric vein
Ascites
Fluid in peritoneal space
How does portal hypertension increase lymph formation leading to ascites
Incr capillary pressure
How does vasodilator production due to portal hypertension lead to ascites
Decr bp causes RAAS activation and water+ sodium retention
Parts of the biliary tree
Right hepatic duct
Left hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct
Common bile duct
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
What vessels does bile flow through in sinusoids
Bile canaliculi
What connects the common bile duct and duodenum
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Acute cholecystitis
Inflammation of gall bladder due to bile flow obstruction
Biliary colic
Pain in upper right quadrant of abdomen
How does a gall stone blocking bile leaving the gall bladder and liver lead to jaundice and biliary colic
Bilirubin in bile cannot be broken down so accumulates in blood
What does a kidney stone blocking bile leaving the gall bladder cause
Biliary colic when gall bladder contracts
What does a kidney stone blocking bile leaving the gall bladder and liver cause
Jaundice
Biliary colic
What does a kidney stone blocking the bile duct and pancreatic duct stop
Biliary colic
Jaundice
Pancreatitis
