Translation Assignments Syntax Flashcards
προς Associative Preposition
with, in company with (with stative verbs)
δια Intermediate Agency
by, through (*there is an ultimate agent carrying out an action through the agency of another)
εν Spatial/Sphere
Spatial/Sphere: in, among (and various other translations)
Objective Genitive
Objective: gen is the object or recipient; “the blasphemy of the Spirit”
Parenthetic Nominative
Parenthetic Nominative: subject of an explanatory clause within another clause
παρα Agency
Genitive: Agency: from, by
εἰς Purpose
Purpose: for, in order to, to
ἱνα + subjunctive Purpose
With ἵνα clauses, Purpose
(Otherwise can be Result, or Purpose-Result which is divine purpose and result.)
Predicate Nominative
Predicate nominative: joined by “to-be” verb (e.g., “Jesus is Lord”)
Qualitative Anarthrous Noun
Absence of the Article
An anarthrous noun can be
Indefinite –
Qualitative
Colwell’s Rule: an anarthrous pre-verbal PN is normally qualitative, sometimes definite, and only rarely indefinite
Periphrastic participle
Periphrastic: anarthrous participle used with a verb of being to form a finite verbal idea;
Finite Verb (of εἰµί) + Present = Finite Tense Equivalent
Present + Present = Present
Imperfect + Present = Imperfect
Future + Present = Future
Present + Perfect = Perfect
Imperfect + Perfect = Pluperfect
Genitive Possessive
belonging to; the voice of the girl = the voice that belongs to the girl
Genitive Source/Origin
from, out of
Infinitive Exegetical Substantival
clarifies, explains, or qualifies a noun or adjective (words that indicate ability, authority, desire, freedom, hope, need, obligation, or readiness)
ἐκ Genitive Means
by, from
Subjective genitives
the coming of Christ (gen = the subj or producer of the action); “the coming of Christ”
παρὰ Source/Spatial
from
Ἐν Spatial/Sphere
in, among (and various other translations)
Present Verb Historical Present
describes a past event in narr lit (only ind, 3rd pers); λέγει
Adverbial Conjunction ὅτι Causal
because, since (γάρ, διότι, ἐπεί, ἐπειδή, ἐπειδήπερ, καθώς, ὅτι, and ὡς)
Genitive of comparison
than, after a comparative adj
Conjunction καί epexegetical/Explanatory
for, you see, or that is, namely (γάρ, δέ, εἰ (after verbs of emotion), and καί)
Nominative Absolute
in introductory material (not sentences)
Nominative in Apposition
adjacent, in same case, refers to same thing/person; in the same syntactical relationship to rest of the sentence
Granville Sharp Rule
In the TSKS construction (art-subst-καί-subst) with Subst #1 and Subst # 2
in the same case) Subst #2 has the same reference as Subst #1 if neither is impersonal, plural, or a proper name
Adverbial Participle Temporal
answers the question When? May be antecedent (before doing, before he does), contemporaneous (while doing), or subsequent (after doing, after he did)
Conjunction Purpose
in order that (ἵνα, ὅπως, µήπως, µήπου, and µήποτε)
Conjunction Content
Substantival Conjunction, that; introduces a subj, PN, DO, or appositional noun (ἵνα, ὅπως, ὅτι, and ὡς)
Genitive Objective
gen is the object or recipient; “the blasphemy of the Spirit”
Genitive Descriptive
characterized by
Genitive Source
from, out of
εἰς Purpose
for, in order to, to
εἰς Spatial
into, toward, in
εἰς Respect/Reference
with respect to, with reference to
Participle Adverbial Concessive
although (implies that the state or action of the main verb is true in spite of the state or action of the participle)
preposition ἐν Temporal
in, within, when, while, during
Genitive Production
produced by
Colwell’s Rule
an anarthrous pre-verbal PN is normally qualitative, sometimes definite, and only rarely indefinite
