Croy 23 Flashcards
γραφή
γραφή, ἡ
writing, Scripture
δέω
to bind
ἐάν
if + subj. (εἰ + ἄν)
ἔλεος
ἔλεος, ἔλεους
pity, mercy
ἵνα
in order that, so that (+ subj.)
καταργέω
to bring to naught, abolish
κελεύω
to command
μηδέ
and not, nor, not even (+ subj.)
μηκέτι
no longer (+ subj.)
νικάω
to conquer
ὅπως
in order that, that (+ subj.)
ὅταν
whenever (usu. + subj.)
ὅτε
when (+ indic.)
οὐκέτι
no longer (+ indic.)
πάσχω
to suffer
ὡς
as, that, like, how, about, now
The Subjunctive Mood
The subjective mood is often called the “mood of probability”. It can convey doubt, expectation, volition, intention, and desire and more. It asserts potential or contingent things rather than reality.
It has the characteristic of futurity.
The subjunctive occurs in the present, aorist, and perfect tenses. The perfect is not included in the textbook due to its rarity.
It’s negative is μή.
The Subjunctive Present Active
Singular:
1. λύω
2. λύῃς
3. λύῃ
Plural:
1. λύωμεν
2. λύητε
3. λύωσι(ν)
The Subjunctive Present Middle/Passive
Singular:
1. λύωμαι
2. λύῃ
3. λύηται
Plural:
1. λυώμεθα
2. λύησθε
3. λύωνται
The Subjunctive Aorist Active
Singular:
1. λύσω
2. λύσῃς
3. λύσῃ
Plural:
1. λυσώμεν
2. λύσητε
3. λύσωσι(ν)
The Subjunctive Aorist Middle
Singular:
1. λύσωμαι
2. λύσῃ
3. λύσηται
Plural:
1. λυσώμεθα
2. λύσησθε
3. λύσωνται
The Subjunctive Aorist Passive
Singular:
1. λύθω
2. λύθῇς
3. λύθῇ
Plural:
1. λυθῶμεν
2. λύθῆτε
3. λύθῶσι(ν)
Uses of the Subjunctive
1) First Person Plural subjunctive is used for exhortation (calling others to an action or state of being.
2) Deliberative Subjunctive is used for questions of possibility, desirability, or necessity. They are sometimes rhetorical. They can also be indirect and wouldn’t have a question mark in that case.
3) Assertion: this says something will not happen, is called the emphatic negation, and uses οὐ μή.
4) Purpose: introduced with ἱνα or ὁπως
5) Future or present general condition clauses: ἐάν + subjunctive indicates future conditions and present general conditions.
The Present Subjunctive of εἰμί
Singular:
1. ὦ
2. ᾖς
3.ᾖ
Plural:
1. ὦμεν
2. ἦτε
3. ὦσι(ν)
