Croy 24 Flashcards
ἀναβλέπω
to look up, receive sight
ἀνάστασις
ἀναστάσεως, ἡ
resurrection
ἀρχή
ἀρχή, ἡ
beginning, ruler
γλῶσσα
γλῶσσα, ἡ
tongue, language
ἔξεστιν
it is right, it is permitted
θεωρέω
to look at, behold
ἰάομαι
to heal
μαρτυρέω
to witness, bear witness to, testify
παιδίον
παιδίον, τό
child
παραβολή
παραβολή, ἡ
parable, comparison, illustration
παραγγέλλω
to command, charge
πρό
(+ gen.) before, in front of; before,
earlier than
σοφία
σοφία, ἡ
wisdom
φρονέω
to think
φωνέω
to call
ὥστε
so that (often + inf.)
εἶναι
to be (infinitive of εἰμί)
κελεύω
to command
Infinitive Basics
Infinitives are verbal nouns
It has tense and voice, but not person and number.
it can have adverbial modifiers, subjects, direct objects, or indirect objects.
It can function to express purpose, result, time, or cause.
It can function substantivally by taking a definite article or be the object of a preposition. (When it does this it is neuter.)
The subject of an infinitive is in the accusative case and so is its direct object.
It uses the negative particle μή.
Infinitive Tense
The Tense of an infinitive refers to the type of action.
Present = linear action
Aorist = undefined action
Perfect = completed action with continuing result
This difference is sometimes untranslatable.
Forms of the Infinitive
Present:
Act. λύειν
Mid. λύεσθαι
Pass. λύεσθαι
Aorist:
Act. λῦσαι
Mid. λύσασθαι
Pass. λυθῆναι
Perfect:
Act. λελυκέναι
Mid. λελύσθαι
Pass. λελύσθαι
2nd Aorist:
Act. λαβεῖν
Mid. λαβέσθαι
Principal parts and the Infinitive
Present infinitives are based on the first principal part.
The aorist active and middle are based on the third principal part.
The aorist passive is based on the sixth.
The perfect active is based on the fourth.
The perfect middle and passive are based on the fifth.
Syntax of the Infinitive
It has nounlike functions:
1) Subject
2) Direct object of a verb
Verbal aspects:
3) express purpose (often using simple infinitive, genitive τοῦ, or prepositions εἰς or πρός.)
4) express result (often using simple infinitive, genitive τοῦ, or preposition ὣστε.)
5) express time (commonly with πρό, ἐν, or μετά)
6) express cause (articular infinitive with διά)
Indirect Discourse
In addition to ὅτι with words like ἀκουω, βλεπω, γινωσκω, λεγω, and πιστευω, it can also use indirect discourse. When it does it retains the mood and tense of the original discourse. English only sometimes does this so it has to be kept in mind when translating.
