TRANSCRIPTION

Question 1

3 parts to the central dogma- All cells…

Answer 1

1. store genetic code information in DNA
2. use transcription
3. use translation

Question 2

Transcription

Answer 2

Transfer the genetic code information in DNA to an RNA molecule called a messenger RNA

Question 3

Translation

Answer 3

Convert the genetic code information in the messenger RNA into the protein the cell needs

Question 4

The genetic code consists of the

Answer 4

Genetic alphabet (A, C, G, T) and the genetic code words (codons)
Language of life

Question 5

All species use the genetic code/set of rules to

Answer 5

1. store genetic instructions in DNA
2. use these instructions to make all the proteins they require

Question 6

The linear sequence of codons, also called triplets, in the gene’s coding region determines….

Answer 6

Determines the linear sequence of amino acids in the protein the gene encodes

Question 7

Each codon in the gene consists of

Answer 7

Three consecutive nucleotides that correspond to one of the 20 types of amino acids

Question 8

What are the codons

Answer 8

The 64 “genetic code words” that form nature’s remarkable genetic langauge

Question 9

Nature arranges the four nucleotides (A, C, G, T) that form DNA into all possible combinations to form

Answer 9

64 genetic code words

Question 10

The genetic code is _______ among all life

Answer 10

Universal

Question 11

Cells use ________ to begin accessing the genetic instructions in a gene to make the protein the gene encodes

Answer 11

Transcription

Question 12

The cell must ______ (______) the gene when it needs the protein the gene encodes

Answer 12

Express (activate)

Question 13

Transcription

Answer 13

Makes an RNA copy of the gene called a messenger RNA (mRNA) or transcript

Question 14

mRNA

Answer 14

Is a copy of the gene’s coding strand
It contains the nucleotide sequence that determines the amino acid sequence of the protein the gene encodes

Question 15

RNA polymerase synthesizes

Answer 15

the messenger RNA molecule during transcription

Question 16

RNA Polymerase reads the

Answer 16

nucleotide sequence of the gene’s non-coding (template) strand
-it follows the rules of complementary base pairing when linking the ribonucleotides together
-Proof reading ability

Question 17

The nucleotide uracil replaces _____ in mRNA

Answer 17

Thymine

Question 18

RNA polymerase IV and V

Answer 18

Makes small RNAs in plants

Question 19

How many phases in transcription

Answer 19

3

Question 20

Initiation phase

Answer 20

Begins when the cell receives the signal to express (activate) the gene
-The transcription initiation complex is assembled, positioned, and activated at the promoter
-The complex is formed from the general transcription factors and RNA polymerase binding to each other and to the promoter

Question 21

Elongation phase

Answer 21

RNA polymerase synthesizes messenger RNA at the transcription start site
-RNA polymerase bonds the ribonucleotides together to make mRNA

Question 22

Termination phase

Answer 22

Occurs when RNA polymerase reaches the transcription stop site sequence
-RNA polymerase pauses and stops mRNA synthesis
-RNA polymerase moves ~10-35 nucleotides past the transcription stop site
-RNA polymerase releases the mRNA molecule

Question 23

Termination phase is also called

Answer 23

Poly-Adenylation signal
Termination sequence