CELL MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

Question 1

The cell membrane enables

Answer 1

Life to exist

Question 2

Components of the cell membrane

Answer 2

-Phospholipids
-Steroids (cholesterol)
-Extrinsic membrane proteins
-Intrinsic membrane proteins

Question 3

Cell membrane functions

Answer 3

-Import and export of all required substances
-Cell signaling
-Cell to cell recognition/interactions
-Maintains a voltage in cells
-Cell to cell binding and cell to extracellular matrix binding

Question 4

The ER and golgi apparatus

Answer 4

Possess enzymes that synthesize phospholipids and steroids that form cell membranes

Question 5

The golgi apparatus uses

Answer 5

Vesicles to deliver new membrane materials to the cell membrane

Question 6

Vesicles fuse with the

Answer 6

Cell membrane to increase its size

Question 7

The _______ neutrality of small hydrophobic and nonpolar molecules enables them to pass directly through the hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane

Answer 7

Electric

Question 8

_______ supplies the energy that drives their transport

Answer 8

Diffusion

Question 9

Many small, polar, hydrophilic atoms and molecules must cross the ____ _________ to maintain cell function

Answer 9

Cell membrane

Question 10

What small, polar, hydrophilic atoms and molecules must cross the cell membrane to maintain cell function?

Answer 10

-Electrically charged ions (Calcium, Chloride)
-Water molecules
-Glucose, amino acids, nucleotides
-Their hydrophilic properties prevent their direct passage through the hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane

Question 11

The facilitated diffusion of small hydrophilic ions and water molecules requires

Answer 11

Channel proteins

Question 12

Channel proteins in the cell membrane have a

Answer 12

Hollow interior (channel)
Channel diameter is larger than ion and H20 diameter

Question 13

The cell membrane contains

Answer 13

> 300 types of channel proteins

Question 14

________ enable H20 molecules to cross cell membranes

Answer 14

Aquaporins (water porous)

Question 15

Channel proteins _______ the diffusion

Answer 15

Facilitate

Question 16

________ proteins enable the facilitated diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules, except for H20, across the cell membrane

Answer 16

Carrier

Question 17

These molecules are too large to pass through _______ proteins

Answer 17

Channel
-They require carrier proteins to “carry” them across the membrane

Question 18

Each carrier protein transports

Answer 18

~100-1000 molecules per second

Question 19

Active transport

Answer 19

Requires chemical energy
Move small hydrophilic atoms and small molecules across the cell membrane from lower to higher concentration

Question 20

Active transport proteins

Answer 20

Carrier proteins or ion pumps

Question 21

Some cancer cells are drug resistant due to

Answer 21

Drug export

Question 22

The function of mutli-drug resistance proteins is to

Answer 22

Export potentially toxic molecules before they harm the cell

Question 23

Multi-drug resistance proteins also enable

Answer 23

-Cancer cells to export cancer drugs
-Antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria to export antibiotic molecules