THE CELL THEORY

Question 1

What is the most basic unit of life?

Answer 1

The cell

Question 2

What makes the cell alive?

Answer 2

-Acquire and process energy independently
-Repair itself independently
-Reproduce independently

Question 3

How many parts of cell theory are there?

Answer 3

3

Question 4

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

Answer 4

1. Cells are the most fundamental units of life
2. All single cell species are composed of one cell and all multi cell species are composed of two or more cells
3. All cells are produced from the reproduction of a pre-existing parent cell

Question 5

What cell is “complex like the universe”

Answer 5

The eukaryotic cell

Question 6

How many chemicals in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 6

~100,000

Question 7

How many types of chemical reactions take place in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 7

~1,000,000

Question 8

Roughly how many total cells make up the human body?

Answer 8

60-200 trillion total cells

Question 9

How many cell types comprise the human body?

Answer 9

≥220 different cell types

Question 10

Each human cell type has the unique…

Answer 10

-Structure required to perform its bodily function
-Biochemical capabilities required to perform its bodily function

Question 11

The three major domains (types) of life:

Answer 11

Prokaryotes: bacteria, archaea
Eukaryotes: eukarya

Question 12

Prokaryotes:

Answer 12

-They do not have a nucleus surrounding the DNA molecule(s)
-No other membrane bound organelle
-Smaller in size
-Estimated ~1 trillion species

Question 13

Prokaryotes structure:

Answer 13

-The cell membrane enters the interior of the cell to form internal structures that perform specific functions
-Microcompartments

Question 14

What are microcompartments?

Answer 14

Specialized internal compartments

Question 15

Each microcompartment is surrounded by?

Answer 15

A protein shell

Question 16

Each type of microcompartment performs a specific biochemical function due to its unique set of…?

Answer 16

Enzymes, biological molecules, and other chemicals

Question 17

Bacteria shapes/names:

Answer 17

-Bacillus; rod shaped
-Coccus; grapes/spherical shaped
-Spirillum; spiral
-Comma shaped
-Square (cube)

Question 18

Prokaryotes can be…

Answer 18

Single cell or multi cell species

Question 19

Fimbriae support what?

Answer 19

Movement

Question 20

Eukaryotes:

Answer 20

-Defined by its nucleus
-Membrane bound organelles

Question 21

What are organelles?

Answer 21

Specialized internal compartments

Question 22

What is the third domain of life?

Answer 22

Eukarya

Question 23

Protists are?

Answer 23

Eukaryotes

Question 24

What surrounds the DNA molecules?

Answer 24

The nuclear envelope/membrane

Question 25

Each organelle performs a unique set of biochemical functions due to its...?

Answer 25

Unique set of enzymes and other chemicals

Question 26

Cytoplasm

Answer 26

Consists of all the cellular contents between the outer membrane of the nucleus (nuclear envelope) and the inner surface of the cell membrane

Question 27

Cytosol

Answer 27

-Cell solution -Water based, semi fluid, semi gel part of the cell interior in which all organelles and other interior structures are suspended

Question 28

What does cytosol consist of?

Answer 28

-Water -Water soluble atoms -Molecules -Proteins