Exam 1 Lecture Practice Questions

Question 1

Which types of biological molecules interact to form the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2, influenza virus, and monkeypox virus?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

Which chemical bonds in the carbohydrates, and in other biological molecules, contain metabolic energy that your cells use?

Answer 2

Carbon-Hydrogen

Question 3

The functions of monosaccharides do not include -
Providing your cells with metabolic energy
Providing your cells with molecular building blocks
Storing genetic information
Crossing the cell membrane to enter and exit your cells

Answer 3

Storing genetic information

Question 4

Each biological molecule is a major type of carbohydrate except for -
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Amino acid
Oligosaccharide
Polysaccharide
None of the above

Answer 4

Amino acid

Question 5

Which type of carbohydrate in breast milk provides the cells of the nursing infant with a source of metabolic energy and molecular building blocks?

Answer 5

Disaccharide (Lactose)

Question 6

Which disaccharide do plants use to distribute metabolic energy and molecular building blocks to the cells in their bodies?

Answer 6

Sucrose

Question 7

The “sweet taste sensation” induced by the detection of monosaccharides and disaccharides in our food indicates -

Answer 7

Safe, calorie rich food

Question 8

Which group of carbohydrates attached to the glycoproteins on the surface of human cells can be used to diagnose some types of cancer cells?

Answer 8

Oligosaccharides

Question 9

Which group of carbohydrates in breast milk promotes the growth of beneficial microbes in the infant’s intestine?

Answer 9

Oligosaccharides

Question 10

Which storage polysaccharide in plant cells is a primary source of calories in your diet?

Answer 10

Starch

Question 11

The exoskeletons invertebrates and the beaks of octopi and squid consist of which polysaccharide?

Answer 11

Chitin

Question 12

You discovered a carbohydrate in a green alga that provides structural support to its cells. It must be a(n) -

Answer 12

Polysaccharide

Question 13

One major group of biological molecules are insoluble in water. This group is the:

Answer 13

Lipids

Question 14

Some biological molecules have an equal distribution of electrical charge, are electrically neutral, and cannot form hydrogen bonds with polar water molecules. These hydrophobic biological molecules are:

Answer 14

Lipids

Question 15

The lipids are one of the four types of biological molecules. The major groups of lipids are:

Answer 15

Phospholipids, steroids, triglycerides

Question 16

When placed in a water based (aqueous) solution, lipids will aggregate to avoid interacting with the water molecules. This is called the:

Answer 16

Hydrophobic effect

Question 17

The essential fatty acids (Vitamin F) must be present in your diet to ensure that your cells can synthesize all their required lipids. These two essential fatty acids are:

Answer 17

Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids

Question 18

Your malnourished patient shows excessive bleeding. This could be due to insufficient dietary intake of:

Answer 18

Vitamin K

Question 19

Your malnourished patient complains of reduced visual acuity at night. This could be due to the insufficient dietary intake of:

Answer 19

Vitamin A

Question 20

Your malnourished patient shows a weakening of the bone tissue known as rickets (bowlegs). This could be due to the insufficient dietary intake of:

Answer 20

Vitamin D

Question 21

The surface of feathers, fur, and leaves is the water repellent (hydrophobic) to prevent the accumulation of water molecules. This water repellent surface is due to a layer of:

Answer 21

Lipids

Question 22

There is a layer of lipids on the skin surface that creates a dry, hostile, environment for pathogenic microbes. This is called the:

Answer 22

Acid mantle

Question 23

Which type of lipid enables the efficient storage of excess food energy in a relatively small volume of the human body?

Answer 23

Triglyceride

Question 24

Which cell type is specialized to store the energy rich triglycerides in your adipose tissue?

Answer 24

Lipocyte (adipocyte)

Question 25

Which organelle in the lipocyte stores the energy rich triglycerides?

Answer 25

Fat storage organelle (lipid droplet)

Question 26

What are some functions of the steroids?

Answer 26

Building blocks for sex hormones & stress hormones Contribute to cell membrane structure and function Enable your intestines to absorb Vitamin D and triglycerides (fats, oils)

Question 27

Which part of the phospholipid molecule interacts with the water molecules on the outer surface of the lipid bilayer?

Answer 27

Phosphate group (hydrophilic polar head)

Question 28

Which two groups of lipids are part of all cellular membranes?

Answer 28

Phospholipids and steroids (cholesterol in your cellular membranes)

Question 29

Which characteristics of the DNA double helix enables it to store enormous quantities of genetic information with great accuracy?

Answer 29

It is a long polymer It consists of two strands that each contain genetic instructions (genes) It is stable It is repaired and replicated efficiently

Question 30

Which family of enzymes synthesize DNA with great accuracy?

Answer 30

DNA polymerase

Question 31

Which units of information in your stable, two strand, DNA double helix molecules contain the information to build a magnificent mammal such as yourself?

Answer 31

Genes

Question 32

The DNA double helix does not contain the deoxyribonucleotide & base:

Answer 32

Uracil

Question 33

The deoxyribonucleotides linked together to make DNA do not contain:

Answer 33

Amino acids

Question 34

DNA is more stable than RNA and consequently DNA stores genetic information more accurately:

Answer 34

True

Question 35

For the two complementary, single, DNA strands to interact to form the DNA double helix, the two strands must be:

Answer 35

In the opposite orientation (5’-3’ & 3’-5’)

Question 36

According to the rules of complementary base pairing, the “C” in one DNA strand always forms 3 hydrogen bonds with the:

Answer 36

G in the other DNA stand

Question 37

One strand in the DNA double helix consists of 30% adenine. What is the percentage of thymine in the complementary strand?

Answer 37

30%

Question 38

The human genome consists of the DNA molecules stored in the:

Answer 38

Mitochondrion & nucleus

Question 39

The genomes of plants & eukaryotic algae consists of DNA molecules stored in the-

Answer 39

Chloroplast, mitochondrion, nucleus

Question 40

In human cells, which organelles contain the DNA polymerase enzymes, the DNA repair enzymes, and the enzymes that make the deoxyribonucleotides?

Answer 40

Mitochondrion & nucleus

Question 41

Some birth defects result from the inability of the infant’s cells to synthesize thymine. Which vitamin deficiency causes these birth defects?

Answer 41

Folic acid (Vitamin B9)

Question 42

Each protein is a polymer that consists of 20 types of-

Answer 42

Amino acids

Question 43

The proteins in your body can consist of-

Answer 43

One protein subunit (polypeptide) only Two or more copies of one type of protein subunit Two or more types of protein subunits

Question 44

Each type of protein in your body consists of a unique sequence of-

Answer 44

Amino acids

Question 45

Each of the 20 types of amino acids contains

Answer 45

Alpha carbon Amino group Carboxyl group R-Group

Question 46

The R-Group of each of the 20 types of amino acids can differ in-

Answer 46

Negative charge Positive charge Hydrophilic properties Hydrophobic properties Size and shape

Question 47

If your diet lacks one or more of the essential amino acids, then your cells could not make all their required-

Answer 47

Proteins

Question 48

Amino acids must cross the cell membrane to enter your cells. What provides the energy for these nutrients to enter your cells by facilitated diffusion?

Answer 48

Diffusion

Question 49

Your patient is malnourished due to a lack of dietary essential amino acids. How will you treat her?

Answer 49

Add essential amino acids to her diet

Question 50

Which physical process generates the internal pressure within plant cells that enables roots to expand in the soil?

Answer 50

Osmosis

Question 51

Proteins in your diet are digested to produce the 20 types of amino acids. The circulatory system delivers these amino acids to your cells to enable your cells to make-

Answer 51

Proteins

Question 52

Protein Z repairs mutated (damaged) DNA. The structure of protein Z must enable it to bind to-

Answer 52

Mutated DNA

Question 53

After ribosomes make proteins, some proteins fold spontaneously into the proper 3D structure. In contrast, other proteins must be folded by-

Answer 53

Chaperone proteins

Question 54

Some infectious diseases are caused by prions. Prions are abnormally shaped versions of a specific-

Answer 54

Protein