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BIOLOGY 1 > Exam 1 Lecture Practice Questions > Flashcards

Exam 1 Lecture Practice Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Which types of biological molecules interact to form the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2, influenza virus, and monkeypox virus?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
All of the above

A

All of the above

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2
Q

Which chemical bonds in the carbohydrates, and in other biological molecules, contain metabolic energy that your cells use?

A

Carbon-Hydrogen

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3
Q

The functions of monosaccharides do not include -
Providing your cells with metabolic energy
Providing your cells with molecular building blocks
Storing genetic information
Crossing the cell membrane to enter and exit your cells

A

Storing genetic information

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4
Q

Each biological molecule is a major type of carbohydrate except for -
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Amino acid
Oligosaccharide
Polysaccharide
None of the above

A

Amino acid

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5
Q

Which type of carbohydrate in breast milk provides the cells of the nursing infant with a source of metabolic energy and molecular building blocks?

A

Disaccharide (Lactose)

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6
Q

Which disaccharide do plants use to distribute metabolic energy and molecular building blocks to the cells in their bodies?

A

Sucrose

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7
Q

The “sweet taste sensation” induced by the detection of monosaccharides and disaccharides in our food indicates -

A

Safe, calorie rich food

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8
Q

Which group of carbohydrates attached to the glycoproteins on the surface of human cells can be used to diagnose some types of cancer cells?

A

Oligosaccharides

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9
Q

Which group of carbohydrates in breast milk promotes the growth of beneficial microbes in the infant’s intestine?

A

Oligosaccharides

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10
Q

Which storage polysaccharide in plant cells is a primary source of calories in your diet?

A

Starch

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11
Q

The exoskeletons invertebrates and the beaks of octopi and squid consist of which polysaccharide?

A

Chitin

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12
Q

You discovered a carbohydrate in a green alga that provides structural support to its cells. It must be a(n) -

A

Polysaccharide

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13
Q

One major group of biological molecules are insoluble in water. This group is the:

A

Lipids

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14
Q

Some biological molecules have an equal distribution of electrical charge, are electrically neutral, and cannot form hydrogen bonds with polar water molecules. These hydrophobic biological molecules are:

A

Lipids

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15
Q

The lipids are one of the four types of biological molecules. The major groups of lipids are:

A

Phospholipids, steroids, triglycerides

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16
Q

When placed in a water based (aqueous) solution, lipids will aggregate to avoid interacting with the water molecules. This is called the:

A

Hydrophobic effect

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17
Q

The essential fatty acids (Vitamin F) must be present in your diet to ensure that your cells can synthesize all their required lipids. These two essential fatty acids are:

A

Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids

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18
Q

Your malnourished patient shows excessive bleeding. This could be due to insufficient dietary intake of:

A

Vitamin K

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19
Q

Your malnourished patient complains of reduced visual acuity at night. This could be due to the insufficient dietary intake of:

A

Vitamin A

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20
Q

Your malnourished patient shows a weakening of the bone tissue known as rickets (bowlegs). This could be due to the insufficient dietary intake of:

A

Vitamin D

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21
Q

The surface of feathers, fur, and leaves is the water repellent (hydrophobic) to prevent the accumulation of water molecules. This water repellent surface is due to a layer of:

A

Lipids

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22
Q

There is a layer of lipids on the skin surface that creates a dry, hostile, environment for pathogenic microbes. This is called the:

A

Acid mantle

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23
Q

Which type of lipid enables the efficient storage of excess food energy in a relatively small volume of the human body?

A

Triglyceride

24
Q

Which cell type is specialized to store the energy rich triglycerides in your adipose tissue?

A

Lipocyte (adipocyte)

25
Q

Which organelle in the lipocyte stores the energy rich triglycerides?

A

Fat storage organelle (lipid droplet)

26
Q

What are some functions of the steroids?

A

Building blocks for sex hormones & stress hormones
Contribute to cell membrane structure and function
Enable your intestines to absorb Vitamin D and triglycerides (fats, oils)

27
Q

Which part of the phospholipid molecule interacts with the water molecules on the outer surface of the lipid bilayer?

A

Phosphate group (hydrophilic polar head)

28
Q

Which two groups of lipids are part of all cellular membranes?

A

Phospholipids and steroids (cholesterol in your cellular membranes)

29
Q

Which characteristics of the DNA double helix enables it to store enormous quantities of genetic information with great accuracy?

A

It is a long polymer
It consists of two strands that each contain genetic instructions (genes)
It is stable
It is repaired and replicated efficiently

30
Q

Which family of enzymes synthesize DNA with great accuracy?

A

DNA polymerase

31
Q

Which units of information in your stable, two strand, DNA double helix molecules contain the information to build a magnificent mammal such as yourself?

A

Genes

32
Q

The DNA double helix does not contain the deoxyribonucleotide & base:

A

Uracil

33
Q

The deoxyribonucleotides linked together to make DNA do not contain:

A

Amino acids

34
Q

DNA is more stable than RNA and consequently DNA stores genetic information more accurately:

A

True

35
Q

For the two complementary, single, DNA strands to interact to form the DNA double helix, the two strands must be:

A

In the opposite orientation (5’-3’ & 3’-5’)

36
Q

According to the rules of complementary base pairing, the “C” in one DNA strand always forms 3 hydrogen bonds with the:

A

G in the other DNA stand

37
Q

One strand in the DNA double helix consists of 30% adenine. What is the percentage of thymine in the complementary strand?

A

30%

38
Q

The human genome consists of the DNA molecules stored in the:

A

Mitochondrion & nucleus

39
Q

The genomes of plants & eukaryotic algae consists of DNA molecules stored in the-

A

Chloroplast, mitochondrion, nucleus

40
Q

In human cells, which organelles contain the DNA polymerase enzymes, the DNA repair enzymes, and the enzymes that make the deoxyribonucleotides?

A

Mitochondrion & nucleus

41
Q

Some birth defects result from the inability of the infant’s cells to synthesize thymine. Which vitamin deficiency causes these birth defects?

A

Folic acid (Vitamin B9)

42
Q

Each protein is a polymer that consists of 20 types of-

A

Amino acids

43
Q

The proteins in your body can consist of-

A

One protein subunit (polypeptide) only
Two or more copies of one type of protein subunit
Two or more types of protein subunits

44
Q

Each type of protein in your body consists of a unique sequence of-

A

Amino acids

45
Q

Each of the 20 types of amino acids contains

A

Alpha carbon
Amino group
Carboxyl group
R-Group

46
Q

The R-Group of each of the 20 types of amino acids can differ in-

A

Negative charge
Positive charge
Hydrophilic properties
Hydrophobic properties
Size and shape

47
Q

If your diet lacks one or more of the essential amino acids, then your cells could not make all their required-

A

Proteins

48
Q

Amino acids must cross the cell membrane to enter your cells. What provides the energy for these nutrients to enter your cells by facilitated diffusion?

A

Diffusion

49
Q

Your patient is malnourished due to a lack of dietary essential amino acids. How will you treat her?

A

Add essential amino acids to her diet

50
Q

Which physical process generates the internal pressure within plant cells that enables roots to expand in the soil?

A

Osmosis

51
Q

Proteins in your diet are digested to produce the 20 types of amino acids. The circulatory system delivers these amino acids to your cells to enable your cells to make-

A

Proteins

52
Q

Protein Z repairs mutated (damaged) DNA. The structure of protein Z must enable it to bind to-

A

Mutated DNA

53
Q

After ribosomes make proteins, some proteins fold spontaneously into the proper 3D structure. In contrast, other proteins must be folded by-

A

Chaperone proteins

54
Q

Some infectious diseases are caused by prions. Prions are abnormally shaped versions of a specific-

A

Protein

55
Q
A

BIOLOGY 1 (22 decks)

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