PYRUVATE OXIDATION & KREBS CYCLE

Question 1

Cells use ____ reactions to transfer energy from one substance to another substance

Answer 1

Redox (oxidation & reduction)

Question 2

Oxidation

Answer 2

The loss of one or more electrons and/or H atoms from a substance
-Reduces energy content

Question 3

Reduction

Answer 3

The gain of one or more electrons and/or H atoms by a substance
-Increases energy content

Question 4

Redox reactions

Answer 4

Enable cells to use the energy in food molecules to synthesize energy rich ATP, FADH2, GTP, NADH molecules

Question 5

Cellular respiration transfers energy rich electrons + H atoms from food molecules to cellular molecules to ____ them to a more _____ rich form

Answer 5

Reduce them to a more energy rich form

Question 6

Cells use the reduced, energy rich, form of these molecules to-

Answer 6

-Energize endergonic reactions including biosynthetic anabolic reactions
-Make more ATP molecules (FADH2, GTP, NADH)

Question 7

Most ATP synthesis occurs in the _______ during cellular respiration

Answer 7

Mitochondrion
-Each membrane and each internal compartment performs one or more catabolic processes

Question 8

Where does pyruvate oxidation & the krebs cycle occur?

Answer 8

The matrix of the mitochondrion

Question 9

Where does the ETC occur?

Answer 9

The inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Question 10

Pyruvate oxidation occurs in the ______ ______ when O2 is available

Answer 10

Mitochondrion matrix

Question 11

When pyruvate is imported into the mitochondrion-

Answer 11

It enters pyruvate oxidation

Question 12

When pyruvate is imported into the mitochondrion, its enzymes produce the energy rich-

Answer 12

-Acetyl Coenzyme A (Acetyl CoA) molecule
-NADH molecule

Question 13

Acetyl CoA will be catabolized by the ______ ______ to make what molecules?

Answer 13

-Krebs cycle
-FADH2, GTP, NADH

Question 14

NADH will be used to make-

Answer 14

ATP

Question 15

During pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate catabolism generates ___ CO2 molecule as a ____ product

Answer 15

One CO2 molecule as a waste product

Question 16

CO2 molecules diffuse out of the ____, out of the cell, and enter the bloodstream for delivery to the lungs

Answer 16

Mitochondrion

Question 17

CO2 molecules exit the body during exhalation, which prevents-

Answer 17

Toxic CO2 accumulation

Question 18

Pyruvate oxidation enzymes require:

Answer 18

Vitamin B cofactors (B1, B3, B5, B2)

Question 19

The krebs cycle occurs in the-

Answer 19

Mitochondrion matrix

Question 20

The sequence of ___ enzymatic reactions releases energy from the energy rich ___ ___ molecules produced by ________ _________

Answer 20

-8
-Acetyl CoA
-Pyruvate oxidation

Question 21

The krebs cycle produces ___ types of energy rich molecules-

Answer 21

3
-FADH2
-GTP
-NADH

Question 22

The krebs cycle produces ___ CO2 molecules from _____ ___ as metabolic waste products

Answer 22

-2 CO2 from acetyl CoA

Question 23

Cells use the energy rich products of the krebs cycle to make ____ molecules

Answer 23

ATP
-1 NADH = ~2.5-3 ATP
-1 FADH2 = ~1.5-2 ATP
-Nucleoside-Diphosphate kinase converts 1 GTP to 1 ATP

Question 24

Catabolic and anabolic processes ______ molecules

Answer 24

Exchange
-Your cells use some substrates of the krebs cycle and glycolysis to make amino acids, carbs, lipids, nucleotides