GENES

Question 1

Gene:

Answer 1

A nucleotide sequence in a DNA molecule that contains the instructions to make a
-Protein
-Specialized RNA molecule

Question 2

Each of the 46 chromatin molecules in the nucleus consists of the?

Answer 2

DNA double helix and histone proteins

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

Occupies majority of volume of nucleus

Question 4

Histone proteins form

Answer 4

Chromatin

Question 5

Each strand stores?

Answer 5

Genes
This increases the number of genes the double helix contains

Question 6

The human genome:

Answer 6

The nucleus and mitochondria contain DNA

Question 7

The 46 DNA molecules in the nucleus contain a total of:

Answer 7

~19,000 protein coding genes
~29,000 RNA coding genes

Question 8

Where do we inherit mitochondria from?

Answer 8

Mom

Question 9

Each DNA molecule in the mitochondrion contains:

Answer 9

-13 protein coding genes
-24 RNA coding genes

Question 10

Nucleus DNA characteristics

Answer 10

-Ends are protected
-Linear form

Question 11

Mitochondria DNA characteristics

Answer 11

Circular DNA molecule

Question 12

4 nucleotides →

Answer 12

64 codons

Question 13

The ____________ sequence of the coding strand of the gene determines the _____ _______ sequence of the protein the gene encodes

Answer 13

Nucleotide; amino acid

Question 14

The ________________ sequence of the coding strand of the gene determines the __________ sequence of the RNA molecule the gene encodes

Answer 14

Deoxyribonucleotide; ribonucleotide

Question 15

Gene expression

Answer 15

The ability of the cell to activate and deactivate one or more genes in response to a signal (ligand)

Question 16

Gene expression enables the cell to:

Answer 16

-Activate a gene when it needs the protein or a higher protein concentration
-Deactivate a gene when it does not need the protein or has an adequate concentration of the protein

Question 17

The cell responds to some signals (ligands) by…

Answer 17

Changing the patterns of gene expression
-The cell must synthesize the proteins, and/or specialized RNA molecules, necessary to respond to the signal

Question 18

The structure of the eukaryotic gene

Answer 18

-Promoter
-Transcription start site
-Coding region
-Terminator
-Transcription stop site

Question 19

Promoter

Answer 19

Regulator region of the gene that controls gene activation and deactivation

Question 20

Transcription initiation/start site

Answer 20

It instructs the cell where to begin reading the instructions in the gene

Question 21

Transcription termination/stop site

Answer 21

It instructs the cell where to stop reading the instructions in the gene

Question 22

Coding region

Answer 22

-Contains the exons that determine the amino acid sequence of the protein the gene encodes
-It contains other sequences between the exons called introns