MESSENGER RNA

Question 1

The capping enzyme complex attaches a _____ molecule to the 5’ end of mRNA to form the 5’ G Cap

Answer 1

GTP

Question 2

Polyadenylate polymerase attaches ~50-250 ______ nucleotides to the 3’ end to form the 3’ Poly A tail

Answer 2

Adenine

Question 3

The functions of the 5’ G-Cap & the 3’ Poly-A Tail

Answer 3

-They enable mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
-They increase mRNA stability by preventing its degradation by RNases
-They enable ribosomes in the cytoplasm to interact with mRNA

Question 4

The ________ is the large enzyme complex in the nucleus that removes introns from mRNA and links the remaining exons together to form mature mRNA

Answer 4

Spliceosome

Question 5

Spliceosome

Answer 5

Splices messenger RNA

Question 6

Introns in protein coding genes form ____ of the human genome

Answer 6

~24%

Question 7

_______ ________ magnifies the coding power of the human genome by enabling human cells to synthesize ~100,000 types of proteins from ~19,000 protein coding genes

Answer 7

Alternative splicing

Question 8

Alternative splicing enables your cells to produce

Answer 8

-Multiple mRNAs with different exon sequences, and consequently different nucleotide sequences, from one gene
-Specialized versions of a protein with different amino acid sequences, and consequently different functions, from one gene

Question 9

Alternative splicing enables eukaryotic cells to make versions of a _____ specialized for a specific cell type or environmental factor

Answer 9

Protein

Question 10

~4-8 _____ produced per gene

Answer 10

Transcripts

Question 11

Defective splicing may cause ____ of genetic disorders

Answer 11

~50%
-ASD
-Beta thalassemia
-CF
-Parkinson’s
-Spinal muscular atrophy
-Some cancers