Toxicology and Pharm Issues Flashcards
Most potent hepatotoxins known
carbon tetrachloride
This is a wood alcohol and can cause blindness. Reversed toxicity with ethanol and fomepizole.
methanol
This taste sweet and can cause CNS toxicity, not to be confused with bowel prep
ethylene glycol
What insecticide is the most common ingested types?
organophosphates
Antidote of insectisides
atropine (Ach inhibitor)
What is used in rodent poison and what would be an antidote?
vitamin K inhibitor; vit k, fresh frozen plasma, prothrombin complex concentrates
What are the 2 main types of iron toxicity
hereditary hemachromatosis, transfusion iron overload
Sx of lead poisoning and which comes first?
1st- GI, CNS encephalopathy, hematologic
Tx of lead poisoing
chelating agents: dimercaprol, succimer, EDTA
mercury mimics what disorders? “Mad as a hatter”
neurocognitive
Cadmium poison causes what organ(s) toxicities?
renal and pulmonary
When does the risk of ADRs expontially rise?
4+ meds
Major cause of ADRs?
drug interactions
Impact of CYPs
genetic diversity, drug interactions
CYP activity is decreased by __. Example:
inhibitors; grape fruit, ketoconazole, cimetidine, erythromycin
Example of CYP activity increaser (inducer)
Carbamazepine, rifampin, St. John’s wort
T/F: OTC meds are not controlled and regulated by the FDA
False
ASA to children/teens with viral illnesses = ___
reye’s syndrome risk
Sympathomimetic agents like pseudoephedrine are risky for what pt populations?
HTN, type 1 diabetes, hyperthyroidism
Increased blood levels of phenytoin, warafin, and more are from what CYP 3A4-5 inhibitor?
cimetidine
NSAIDs increase BP by how much?
5mm
What vitamin is associated with an increase risk of prostate cancer?
vitamin E
What OTC is a risk factor for anticholinergic action in older pt which could cause dementia?
first generation antihistamines
T/F herbal drugs are regulated by the FDA
False
The toxicities of this herb causes HTN, lowers seizure threshold, and increases risk of MI, CVA
ephedra/Ma Huang
