Toxicology and Pharm Issues

Question 1

Most potent hepatotoxins known

Answer 1

carbon tetrachloride

Question 2

This is a wood alcohol and can cause blindness. Reversed toxicity with ethanol and fomepizole.

Answer 2

methanol

Question 3

This taste sweet and can cause CNS toxicity, not to be confused with bowel prep

Answer 3

ethylene glycol

Question 4

What insecticide is the most common ingested types?

Answer 4

organophosphates

Question 5

Antidote of insectisides

Answer 5

atropine (Ach inhibitor)

Question 6

What is used in rodent poison and what would be an antidote?

Answer 6

vitamin K inhibitor; vit k, fresh frozen plasma, prothrombin complex concentrates

Question 7

What are the 2 main types of iron toxicity

Answer 7

hereditary hemachromatosis, transfusion iron overload

Question 8

Sx of lead poisoning and which comes first?

Answer 8

1st- GI, CNS encephalopathy, hematologic

Question 9

Tx of lead poisoing

Answer 9

chelating agents: dimercaprol, succimer, EDTA

Question 10

mercury mimics what disorders? “Mad as a hatter”

Answer 10

neurocognitive

Question 11

Cadmium poison causes what organ(s) toxicities?

Answer 11

renal and pulmonary

Question 12

When does the risk of ADRs expontially rise?

Answer 12

4+ meds

Question 13

Major cause of ADRs?

Answer 13

drug interactions

Question 14

Impact of CYPs

Answer 14

genetic diversity, drug interactions

Question 15

CYP activity is decreased by __. Example:

Answer 15

inhibitors; grape fruit, ketoconazole, cimetidine, erythromycin

Question 16

Example of CYP activity increaser (inducer)

Answer 16

Carbamazepine, rifampin, St. John’s wort

Question 17

T/F: OTC meds are not controlled and regulated by the FDA

Answer 17

False

Question 18

ASA to children/teens with viral illnesses = ___

Answer 18

reye’s syndrome risk

Question 19

Sympathomimetic agents like pseudoephedrine are risky for what pt populations?

Answer 19

HTN, type 1 diabetes, hyperthyroidism

Question 20

Increased blood levels of phenytoin, warafin, and more are from what CYP 3A4-5 inhibitor?

Answer 20

cimetidine

Question 21

NSAIDs increase BP by how much?

Answer 21

5mm

Question 22

What vitamin is associated with an increase risk of prostate cancer?

Answer 22

vitamin E

Question 23

What OTC is a risk factor for anticholinergic action in older pt which could cause dementia?

Answer 23

first generation antihistamines

Question 24

T/F herbal drugs are regulated by the FDA

Answer 24

False

Question 25

The toxicities of this herb causes HTN, lowers seizure threshold, and increases risk of MI, CVA

Answer 25

ephedra/Ma Huang