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CVIII Flashcards

Exam I

1
Q

ischemic CHF types

A

atherosclerosis, HTN, post MI

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2
Q

treatment of these symptoms have improved the outcome of ischemic CHF

A

pump failure, ventricular arrhythmias

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3
Q

biggest impact at improving ischemic CHF

A

HTN tx, especially in old ppl

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4
Q

CHF vicious cycle (4 things)

A

damaged myocardium, progressive cardiomegally, decreased Q, more ischemia

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5
Q

acute heart failure tx plan

A

hospitalize (o2 and loop diuretics), stabilize (ionotropic agents), evaluate (plan outpatient)

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6
Q

chronic heart failure strategy I (3 things)

A

reduce cardiac workload, restrict sodium, give ACEI or ARB

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7
Q

chronic heart failure strategy II (5 things)

A

digoxin, beta blockers, vasodilators, diuretics, hyperlipidemia

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8
Q

spironolactone and eplerenone do what and are risky with what?

A

help prevent remodeling (blocks aldosterone), prevent hypokalemia, RISKY W/ ACEI

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9
Q

this drug reduces preload on the heart, reduce heart o2 demand, helpful in fluid overload, vasodilation effects

A

loop diuretics

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10
Q

hyperkalemia is danger of what drug (main one)?

A

spironolactone

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11
Q

what are results of dig toxicity?

A

conduction slowing (hrt block) and ventricular arrhythmias (irritability)

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12
Q

chronic ischemia damages what?

A

myocardium

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13
Q

What results in progressive cardiomegaly?

A

remodeling

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14
Q

An outstretched mycardium results in? And ultimately what?

A

decrase cardiac output; ischemia

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15
Q

What is used for emergency vasodilation?

A

sodium nitroprusside, nesiritide

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16
Q

What are the inotropic agents for CHF?

A

cardiac glycosides, beta adrenergic agonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors

17
Q

Digoxin is a ___ and has a low __ ___ and can cause ___ and ____.

A

cardiac glycoside. Therapeutic index. Arhythmias, anorexia… headache, estrogenic stuff

18
Q

What are the risk factors with dig?

A

hypokalemia, hypothyroidism, renal insufficiency

19
Q

What drugs interact with dig?

A

verapamil, corticosteroids, quinidine, amiodarone…

20
Q

What anticoagulation agents are used for CHF?

A

low dose ASA, warfarin, factor Xa

21
Q

Can severe CHF be reversed, yes/no and if so which one?

A

yes; in non-ischemic CHF

22
Q

Class 1-4 antiarrhythmic agents…

A

sodium chan, beta blockers, potassium chan, calcium chan blockers

23
Q

What are some examples of Class I?

A

quinidine, lidocaine, flecainide

24
Q

What are Class IIs good at?

A

tachys tx, prevent ventricle arrhythmias

25
Q

What are Class III good at?

A

treating tachys- ex Sotalol

26
Q

Which anti-arhythmic is most effective at atrial arrhythmias?

A

Class #4

27
Q

What drugs are good with vtach

A

lidocaine, amioderone

28
Q

What drugs are good with vfib?

A

lidocaine, amioderone, epi

29
Q

What drug do you use with SVT?

A

Adenosine

30
Q

What drug would you use with afib?

A

beta blockers, amioderone, propafenone

31
Q

What are 2 health risks of A fib?

A

tachy to point of hypotension, mural thrombi

32
Q

What drugs restore sinus rhythm in afib?

A

beta blockers, propafenone, flecainamide

33
Q

What drugs are dangerous in previous Mis and have (-) iontrophic effects?

A

propafenone and flecainamide

34
Q

What are some side effects of amiodarone?

A

pulm fibrosis, liver tox, blocks T4 to T3 conversion, photodermatis, drug interactions

35
Q

What is amiodarone useful for?

A

vtach, vfib, afib

36
Q

What drug is useful in afib or aflutter

A

digoxin

37
Q

What is the drug of choice for SVTs and vtach?

A

Adenosine

38
Q

What drug is useful in dig toxicity and Torsades de pointes?

A

magnesium sulfate

advanced pharm (23 decks)

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