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Advanced Pharm > Antimicrobial Review > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Review Flashcards

Exam 4

1
Q

These are broad spectrum not usually used to treat gram (-) UTIs.

A

Tetracyclines

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2
Q

List 3/6 other usefulness for tetracyclines

A

chlamydia, mycoplasma, rickettsia, cholera, anthrax, acne vulgaris

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3
Q

Top 3 tetracycline drugs

A

TCN, doxycycline, minocycline

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4
Q

What are the common doses for doxy- and mono cycyline

A

100 mg 2x/day for 10 days

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5
Q

What reduces the oral absorption of tetracycylines?

A

dairy products, antacids

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6
Q

Does TCN have an anti-inflammatory action?

A

Yes

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7
Q

T/F, doxycycline levels are affected by renal disease

A

F

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8
Q

Who are tetracyclines contraindicated in?

A

pregnant women, children <8

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9
Q

What are the adverse effects of tetracycline?

A

photo-sensitivity, Gastric/GI upset

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10
Q

This is considered a glycylcyclines reserved for resistant staph and strep infections.

A

Tigecycline

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11
Q

What are the adverse effects of tigecycline?

A

more nausea and vomitting

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12
Q

These are used in serious gram negative infections, like septic shock, with a gram positive abx.

A

aminoglycosides

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13
Q

Since aminoglycosides are poorly absorbed in the GI tract, how are they given?

A

parenteral

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14
Q

Top 4 aminoglycosides

A

amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin

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15
Q

What are the toxicities of aminoglycosides?

A

ototoxic, nephrotoxic, toxicity increased by loop diuretics

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16
Q

These abx have good gram (+) coverage and are safe in pregnancies and peds.

A

Macrolides

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17
Q

What abx is similar to tetracyclines?

A

macrolides

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18
Q

What are the other useful tx of macrolides?

A

chlamydia, legionella, mycoplasma, treponema, helicobacter, diphtheria

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19
Q

What is the most commonly used macrolides?

A

Azithromycin

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20
Q

This group of abx has a broader spectrum of action, less bacterial resistance

A

ketolides

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21
Q

This is the current choice of ketolides

A

telithromycin

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22
Q

What are the macrolide toxicities?

A

GI upset (motilin-lie effects), and drug interactions, liver toxicity, ototoxicity

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23
Q

This drug classes main indication is c diff and acts against bacterial transcription

A

macrolide derivative - Fidaxomicin

24
Q

Since lincomycin is too toxic, this drug is given and is especially good against anaerobes

A

clindamycin

25
Q

What does clindamycin not work against?

A

c diff

26
Q

Besides c diff, what are the other risks of clindamycin?

A

liver fx impairment, neutropenia

27
Q

What are the abx who have the greatest risk for c diff?

A

clindamycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporin, fluoros

28
Q

Choramphemicol is a broad spectrum abx seldomly used and its greatest risk are?

A

bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia, neonatal toxicity, drug interactions

29
Q

This abx is a part of the new class of bacteriostatic againt gram (+) aerobes and anaerobes given oral and IV for vancy resistant organisms.

A

Linezolid

30
Q

These are bacteriocidal for most organisms IV use only for vancy resistant. Cause arthralgia, myalgia, and hyperbili

A

quinupristin, dalfopristin

31
Q

These inhibit nucleic acids

A

fluoros

32
Q

This is a second generation fluoro used alot for gram (-), atypical coverage, and some (+) coverage

A

cipro

33
Q

This is a commonly used 3rd generation agent; has better gram (+) coverage

A

levofloxacin

34
Q

This is a 4th generation fluoro with better gram (+) and anaerobic coverage but less useful against atypicals

A

moxifloxacin

35
Q

Why do we avoid fluoros in <18 and pregnancy?

A

damage cartilage, preg is tech class C

36
Q

What tendon issue is common in fluoro use? and who does it effect

A

achilles tendon damage/rupture; >60 y/o and corticosteroid use

37
Q

What is a black box warning regarding CNS adverse effects of fluoros?

A

increase symptoms of MS; can also cause insomina and lower seizure threshold

38
Q

What is the FDA recommendation for using fluoros?

A

don’t use them to treat minor infections

39
Q

These abx inhibit folate biosynthesis/inhibit metabolism?

A

sulfonamides, trimethoprim, co-trimoxazole

40
Q

What is the generic term for sulfonamide analogs?

A

PABA

41
Q

This is the most commonly utilized sulfa drug; used for UTIs, prostatic infections, alt adjunct

A

cotrimoxazole

42
Q

What percentage of ppl have a sulfa class allergic reaction?

A

5%

43
Q

When are sulfonamides contraindicated?

A

< 2 mos old, late pregnancy, concurrent use with methenamide

44
Q

What 3 “other” abx help with UTIs?

A

methenamine, nitrofurantoin, nitrofurantoin monohydrate

45
Q

What abx is useful in uncomplicated cystitis?

A

methenamine

46
Q

When do you avoid using methenamine?

A

liver & kidney probs, with sulfa drugs, upper UTI

47
Q

This “other abx” has a limited spectrum of action, discolors urine (makes it really brown), and cause rare complications.

A

nitrofuratoin

48
Q

What are the big two mycobacterium that cause TB?

A

mycobacterium TB, mycobacterium bovis

49
Q

To tx leprosy, what do you use?

A

dapsone

50
Q

What are the adverse effects of dapsone?

A

hemolysis, peripheral neuropathy

51
Q

When can TB affect every organ system?

A

in the late stages

52
Q

Conversion of latent TB becomes active TB happens in these immunosuppressed states?

A

corticosteroid therapy, chemo, immunosuppression therapy

53
Q

What is the popular TB tx 6 month regimen?

A 
intensive phase: 1-2 mos
consolidation phase (3-6 mos)
54
Q

What are the INH toxicities?

A

peripheral neuritis, hepatitis/liver tox, drug interactions

55
Q

This TB tx is well tolerated can cause nausea and rash and interactis wit CYP induction drugs ESPECIALLY ORAL CONTRACEPTION

A

rifampin

56
Q

When this drug is combined with Rifampin, there is a significant risk of liver tox!

A

pyrazinamide

57
Q

What two fluoros are used to tx TB?

A

moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin

Advanced Pharm (23 decks)

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