Anesthesia Flashcards
Exam 3
partial of complete loss of sensation with/without loss of consciousness
anesthesia
anesthesia that produces complete loss of consciuousness
general anesthesia
analgesia
insensitivity to pain
process of allaying nervous excitement
sedation
minimally depressed level of consciousness during which the pt retains the ability to respond to physical/verbal commands
conscious sedation
Is the mode of action for anesthetics known?
no, may involve GABA receptors
What were the first two forms of anethesia?
nitric oxide, diethyl ether, chloroform
chloroform is very ____
hepatoxic
What systems need pre-op evaluation?
cardiac, renal, hepatic, pulmonary
What are adjuncts for general anestheisa?
antihistamine, NPO (decrease aspiration pneumo), anticholinergic drug (decrease risk of brady)
What are the 4 stages of anesthesia?
analgesia, excitement, surgical anesthesia, medullary paralysis
Most popular agent for induction of anesthesia
propofol
What is an adverse effect of propofol
venous irritation
What are two ways to maintain anesthesia?
inhaled agents, intravenous agents
What are the inhaled anesthesia agents?
halogenated hydrocarbons, nitrous oxide
What is an adverse effect of halogen?
malignant hyperthermia
Antidote for hyperthermia in halgoen agents
Dantrolene
IV anesthetic - opioids
fentanyl
IV anesthetic - benzodiazepine
midlazopam
IV anesthetics (2) that f*cks you up mentally and pt feels disconnected.
ketamine, dexmedetomidine
IV anesthetic that doesn’t reduce BP great in acute accidents
ketamine, dexmedetomidine
This is a fast acting, short duration neuromuscular blockade agent used to facilitate endotracheal intubation
succinylcholine
What is an example of a non-depolarizing agent for neuromuscular blocks?
tubocurarine and curare
Two types of local anesthesia?
esters and amides
What is the shortest and longest acting local anesthetic
lidocaine, bupivacaine & ropivacaine
Adverse effects of local anesthetics
allergic reactions, cardiac toxicity, alterned CNS, cardiac changes
Insensitivity to local anesthetics is usually _____
relative
Conscious sedation common meds (3)
benzodiazepine, fenanyl, propofol
What are the dangers of conscious sedation?
respiratory depression
