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Advanced Pharm > CV I Flashcards > Flashcards

CV I Flashcards

Exam I

1
Q

What is the goal of HTN tx?

A

reduce mortality & morbidity

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2
Q

<120/80

A

Healthy BP

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3
Q

> /= 160/100

A

Stage II HTN

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4
Q

> /= 180/120

A

HTN crisis

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5
Q

ways to reduce cardiac output

A

decrease HR, contraction, venous return

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6
Q

How to reduce PVR?

A

vasodilation via direct, central, and ganglionic action

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7
Q

How does angiotensin II work?

A

direct vasconstriction, increased sympathetic tone, causes release of aldosterone

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8
Q

How does aldosterone work?

A

alters renal fx, alters cardiac structure

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9
Q

What are the 4 components of the R-A-A targets for HTN tx?

A

inhibit renin, block ACE, block A2 receptors, block aldosterone

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10
Q

HTN drug groups

A

diuretics, sympathetic drugs, vasodilators, R-A-A blockers

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11
Q

these drug names end in -sin

A

alpha blocker

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12
Q

these drug names end in -pine

A

calcium channel blocker

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13
Q

What is are adverse side effects of thiazide diuretics

A

hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, ED, hyperuricemia, increased lipids, rash

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14
Q

What diuretic do you not give renal failure pt for HTN?

A

thiazide

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15
Q

What are the adverse side effects of furosemide?

A

hypokalemia, ototoxicity, hyperuricemia, hypomagnesemia

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16
Q

What are the two classes of potassium sparing diuretics?

A

luminal membrane agents, mineralocorticoid antagonists

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17
Q

Luminal Agent toxicities include (4)

A

Hyperkalemia, increased urinary calcium stones, GI upset, don’t use in renal failure

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18
Q

What meds do you not combine luminal agents with?

A

ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS

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19
Q

mineralcortacoid receptor antagonist

A

blocks effects of aldosterone

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20
Q

What are the adverse effects of mineralcortacoid receptor antagonists?

A

Anti-androgenic effects, hyperkalemia

21
Q

What are the 4 types of beta blockers?

A

non-selective, selective, combined beta and alpha 1, blocker/partial agonist

22
Q

Which beta receptors are metoprolol and atenolol more specific to?

A

B1>B2

23
Q

What receptors are present in carvedilol and Labetalol?

A

beta 1&2, alpha 1

24
Q

ISA beta blockers have less issues with ___ and ___.

A

bradycardia and metabolic effects

25
Q

When do you use ISA beta blockers?

A

diabetics or pt with slow HR

26
Q

Strongly selective beta blockers work to cause ____ by _______.

A

vasodilation by increasing nitric oxide

27
Q

What node does beta blockers effect?

A

AV node

28
Q

What needs to be avoided in beta blocker therapy?

A

abrupt cessation

29
Q

What kinds of pts should/must be on beta blockers?

A

CHF or recent MI

30
Q

alpha adrenergic blocking agents do what?

A

decrease vessel resistance, relax bladder

31
Q

reflex tachy, postural syncope when taking alpha blocker is called ____.

A

1st dose phenomenon

32
Q

What are the four classes of centrally acting agents?

A

Clonidine, Methyldopa, ganglionic blockers, postganglionic blockers

33
Q

Centrally acting symp agent, Clonidine, helps with what?

A

used in renal disease and is effective against vasomotor flushes

34
Q

What drug is considered to be a vasodilator?

A

calcium channel blocker

35
Q

T/F, for the most part, diuretics needed with calcium channel blockers

A

FALSE

36
Q

Calcium chaneel blockers are especially useful in these patients (3)?

A

diabetes, asthma, angina

37
Q

What is the side effect of Ca Channel blockers that is complained about the most?

A

constipation

38
Q

Additive to beta blockers utilized for HTN management in pregnancy, may cause lupus like syndrome

A

Hydralazine

39
Q

adjunct to diuretic and beta blockers in severe HTN

A

minoxidil

40
Q

Renin inhibitor with renoprotective effects when combined with an ARB

A

Aliskiren

41
Q

What are the dose dependent adverse side effects of ACEIs?

A

hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema, teratogenic

42
Q

What two adverse effects are less in ARBs versus ACEIs?

A

cough and angioedema are less prevelant

43
Q

What are the primary single drug choices for HTN?

A

diuretic, ACE, ARB, calcium channel blocker

44
Q

multi-drug HTN strategy

A

ACEI or ARB + diuretic (+ vasodilator)

45
Q

Diabetes get these HTN drugs

A

ACE/ARB/Ca Chan B

46
Q

ACEI, Beta blockers are used in which pt disease group?

A

Coronary Heart disease

47
Q

HTN therapy for renal disease

A

ACEI, Ca Chan Block, renin inhibitor, ARB

48
Q

BPH medication for HTN

A

alpha blocker

49
Q

Medical tx of HTN emergency

A

Vasodilators, alpha and betas, dopamine agonist

Advanced Pharm (23 decks)

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