Behavioral Med Drugs I Flashcards
This class of drugs reduces sleep latency time
hypnosis
What are some other effects of sedatives
prevent seizures, muscle relaxant
Most intentional and accidental overdoses involve ____
polypharmacy
This is an ultra-short action of induction of anesthesia with onset <1 minute, duration of 20 minutes
thiopental
This is a short acting hypnotic lasting 3-8 hrs
Pentobarbital, amo/seco barbital
This is a long acing barbituate lasting 1-2 days, was used in kids
phenobarbital
What is one of the main reasons why there is a decline in the barbiturate utilization
high overdose potential
What receptor type does GABA work on ?
GABA-A
This is the main CNS inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA
GABA A-1 mediates this:
anesthesia and sedation
GABA A-2 mediates this
anticonvulsants, anxiolytic actions
These benzos have utility in sedation
alprazolam, and lorazepam
This is a benzo antagonist that is used parentally needs to be available for outpatient procedures with conscious sedation and it used to reverse it.
flumazenil
The first generation of antihistamines included what side effects?
drowsiness/sedation
This is an H1 receptor antagonist that has strong sedation effects
Hydroxyzine
This sedative has an anxiolytic effect with less cognitive dysfunction, decreased abuse potential, and less effective in panic disorders
Buspirone
How long do you use hypnotic therapy
2 wks or less
What non-benzo hypnotic has an increase in the incidence of depression
eszopiclone
This type of depression is considered a normal reaction to tragedy
reactive
This type of depression is hypothesized to be a neurotransmitter imbalance
endogenous
This type of depression is alternating periods of mania and depression
bipolar affective disorder
What is the main stay of bipolar tx and examples
mood stabilizers: lithium, anticonvulsants
How do you tx the manic phase of bipolar disorder
antipsychotic drugs
What are some cautions of lithium carbonate?
narrow therapeutic index, multiple drug interactions
What are the 4 General Rules about Antidepressants?
- effectiveness of each group is equal
- none work quickly
- side effect profiles differ significantly
- safety issues also differ
What adverse effect of MAOIs is similar to a thyroid storm?
tyramine crisis
T/F, tyramine is in foods
True
What are other indications of MAOIs?
neurotic disorders, PTSD, OCD, Parkinson
What is a serious adverse effect of MAOIs?
overdose potential
TCA are effective but what is a significant issue?
safety
What are TCA side effects?
anticholinergic, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachy
What is the main indication of TAC?
chronic depression
Name two 1st generation TCAs
Imipramine, amitriptyline
What are other uses of SSRIs?
eating disorders, OCD, panic attacks, PMS, postmenopausal vasomotor flushes
What are popular choices of SSRIs?
fluoxitine, paroxetine, sertaline, escitalopram, citalopram
What are the SSRI side effects?
sleep disturbances, sexual dysfunction, almost zero risk of fatal overdose
This antidepressant is most effective against neuropathic pain
SNRIs
Examples of SNRIs
Venlafaxine, Duloxetine
What are two examples of atypical antidepressants?
buproprion, trazadone
This drug has potent antidepressant effects with a very rapid onset of action
Ketamine
What are some other uses for antidepressants?
chronic pain/fibromyalgia, enuresis, smoking cessation, migraine headaches, postmenopause
What are some suicide warnings for antidepressants?
highest risk in the first few months, special caution in teens/young adults
T/F psychotropic drugs are approved for use in pregnancy
False
This is seen in pt stopping or reducing the dose of antidepressants
discontinuation syndrome
