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Advanced Pharm > Antimicrobial III > Flashcards

Antimicrobial III Flashcards

1
Q

types of fungal infections (locations)

A

superficial, pulmonary, CNS, systemic

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2
Q

parental med for fungal mengitis

A

amphotericin B

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3
Q

superficial anti-fungal agent Dr. Dodge <3

A

Fluconazole

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4
Q

What are some toxicities of amphotericin B?

A

renal, fever/chills, anemia, hypotension crisis, thrombophlebitis

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5
Q

This form of ampho B is less toxic, particularly renal

A

Lipsomal

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6
Q

This is used with ampho B, you can use a lower does of ampho B however it is more limited to crytopcoccus and candida

A

flucytosine

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7
Q

T/F: Azoles are tetratogenic

A

T

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8
Q

What are other risks for azoles?

A

drug interactions, decrease steroid hormone production

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9
Q

Great tx for fungal meningitis, least potent azole, oral/IV, vaginal yeast infections, hepatic toxicity is rare

A

fluconazole

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10
Q

This is a strong inhibitor of gonadal and adrenal steroids and CANNOT be given with ampho B

A

Ketoconazole

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11
Q

This is a derivative of ketoconazole; indicated in candida septicemia and invasive aspergillosis

A

Voriconazole

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12
Q

This type of herpes results in severe infections in immunocompromised pt

A

herpes simplex

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13
Q

Two popular anti-human herpes virus agents

A

acyclovir, valacyclovir

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14
Q

CMV complications in immunocompromised pt

A

retinitis, encephalitis

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15
Q

Anti-CMV agent

A

ganciclovir

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16
Q

Anti-hepatitis agents

A

interferon alfa-2a, ribavirin, ledipasvir+sofosbuvir

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17
Q

Interferon toxicities

A

neuropsychiatric, flu-like sx, marrow suppression, hepatic toxicity

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18
Q

New standard of care for Hep C Tx

A

ledipasvir + Sofosbuvir

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19
Q

Prophylactic agents against influenza A need in first 24-48 hrs

A

amantadine, rimantadine

20
Q

Anti-flu agents that are neuraminidase inhibitors start within 48 hrs

A

zanamivir, oseltamivir

21
Q

This NI is dangerous in pt with severe asthma or COPD

A

zanamivir

22
Q

What are the 5 classes of HIV meds?

A
  1. nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors NRTIs
  2. nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs)
  3. protease inhibitors
  4. fusion inhibitors
  5. integrase inhibitor
23
Q

NRTI agent

A

Zidovudine

24
Q

NRTI toxicities

A

bone marrow tox, drug interactions

25
Q

NNRTIs agent

A

efavirenz

26
Q

NNRTI toxicity

A

epidermal reactions- TEN, SJS

27
Q

Protease inhibitor agent

A

saquinavir

28
Q

Protease inhibitor toxicity

A

drug interactions, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia

29
Q

When do you initiate HIV therapy?

A

at time of first dx

30
Q

Key HIV tx strategy (HAART)

A

highly active anti-retroviral therapy

31
Q

T/F people can be genetically immune to HIV

A

True

32
Q

5 common medical protozoa

A

entamoeba histolytica, giardia lambia, toxoplasmosis gondii, trichomonas vaginalis, plasmodium species

33
Q

amebic colitis (dysentery) is treated with ____.

A

metronidazole

34
Q

T/F giardiasis is not responsive to metronidazole

A

F

35
Q

This protozoan in cats can pass ova of this via there poop and pee.

A

Toxoplasmosis gondii

36
Q

T/F if you are NOT immunocompromised Toxoplasmosis gondii can affect you.

A

F

37
Q

IF a pregnant women is exposed to Toxoplasmosis gondii, what can happen

A

there can be significant levels in the blood stream and it can effect the fetus causing congenital malformations -CNS

38
Q

Tx for Toxoplasmosis gondii involves ___

A

plasmodium inhibitor, broad spectrum ABX (more than one agent)

39
Q

Least common vaginal infection

A

trichomonas vaginalis

40
Q

Tx of trichomonas vaginalis

A

single dose (2g) of metronidazole

41
Q

Issue with metronidazole

A

disulfiram (antabuse)- like reaction possible

42
Q

Metronidazole indications

A

protozoal, anaerobic infections, bacterial vaginosis

43
Q

lethal malaria bug

A

plasmodium falciparum

44
Q

what drugs are used to tx malaria

A

Chloroquine (depending), artemisinin

45
Q

Most concerning side effects of Chloroquine?

A

QT (ekg) changes, retinal toxicity, visual disturbances, hemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals

46
Q

What is the current standard tx for P. falciparum infections?

A

Artemisinin based combo therapy

47
Q

Good drug useful for pinworms?

A

albendazone

Advanced Pharm (23 decks)

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