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Advanced Pharm > CV II Flashcards > Flashcards

CV II Flashcards

Exam I

1
Q

used in a preventative setting, best combined with hydralazine. Preferred in African-Americans and ACEI intolerant pts

A

isosorbide dinitrate

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2
Q

nitrate tolerance develops quickly. T/F

A

TRUE

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3
Q

what medications are cautioned when using nitrates that work along the same mechanism

A

erectile dysfunction drugs

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4
Q

most effective drug in preventing MI attacks

A

beta blockers

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5
Q

how do beta blockers work

A

decrease contractility

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6
Q

when are beta blockers contraindicated?

A

variant angina, increase likelihood of vasospasm

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7
Q

calcium channel blocker effects

A

decrease BP, decrease pain episodes

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8
Q

which calcium channel blockers are used in angina

A

verapamil and diltizium

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9
Q

drug for stable angina

A

beta blockers

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10
Q

sodium channel blocker, effective when calcium and beta blockers aren’t

A

ranolazine

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11
Q

ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in __.

A

pregnancy

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12
Q

Adverse effects of niacin?

A

Cutaneous flushing, hepatotoxicity

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13
Q

What cholesterol medication do you give in pregnant women?

A

bile acid-binding agents

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14
Q

How do statins works?

A

Block cholesterol synthesis

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15
Q

What are the adverse effects of statins?

A

liver damage, myo/rhabdo, contradindicated in teens, pregs, kids

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16
Q

What enzymes do you check in statin use?

A

creatine kinase (muscles), AST & ALT

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17
Q

What statin has the least interaction with CYP 3a4/5?

A

pravastatin

18
Q

What are other uses of statins?

A

anti-inflammatory, cancer prevention, neurodegenerative diseases

19
Q

What population are fibrates avoided in?

A

pregnancy, renal/liver failure

20
Q

What the indications of omega-3?

A

hypertriglyceridemia, prevent MI reoccurence

21
Q

What are the adverse effects of omega3?

A

mild anticoagulant, diabetic issues, increased risk of prostate cancer

22
Q

What are the first and second treatments of lipid lowering?

A

statins, bile acid binding, fibrates, sterol absorp inhib, omega 3

23
Q

What is another indciation for for lipid rx?

A

plaque stabilization

24
Q

What lipid lowering drug caused an increase in cardiovascular deaths?

A

Torcetrapib

25
Q

How would you treat ACS?

A

oxygen, pain relief, manage arhythmias, block platelet fx, reperfusion, reduce the size of infarction

26
Q

Reperfusion after ischemia may damage what?

A

mitochondria, use cyclosporine

27
Q

Stable angina is relieved with ?

A

rest

28
Q

Describe prinzmetal’s angina.

A

atypical, extreme fatigue with minimal exertion, w/o activity or emotional causes, will wake someone up at night

29
Q

What adjective best describes what is going on with Prinzmetal’s angina?

A

vasospasm

30
Q

What is a risk factor for prinzmetals?

A

smoking

31
Q

How do you treat prinzments?

A

calcium channel blocker

32
Q

What is the main problem with stable angina?

A

coronary vessel stenosis

33
Q

What are the risk factors for stable angina?

A

anemia, fever, hyperthyroidism, cardiac arrhythmia

34
Q

What are the pharm tx for stable angina?

A

nitrates, betas, calcium, sodium, hyperlipidemia tx

35
Q

What is a great medication for someone who is intolerant to ACEI to manage CHF?

A

Isosorbide Dinitrate + Hydralazine

36
Q

How would you prevent nitrate tolerance from developing?

A

have a nitrate free interval, especially when sleeping

37
Q

What medication is contraindicated with nitrates?

A

erectile dysfx drugs

38
Q

What is the reason why beta blockers are used with angina?

A

most effective at preventing attacks b/c it reduces output and afterload

39
Q

What are the 3 cautions with beta blockers?

A

don’t use in LVHF, severe brady, variant angina

40
Q

Ranolazine helps with chronic angina management, what is it and what are adverse effects?

A

sodium channel blocker, prolongs QT interval, inhibits CYP2d6

Advanced Pharm (23 decks)

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