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Advanced Pharm > CNS Drugs I > Flashcards

CNS Drugs I Flashcards

Exam 2

1
Q

Dopamine dysfunction in the extrapyramidal motor, limbic cortex, and hypothalamus/pituitary result in?

A

Parkinsons, psychotic behavior, and suppressing prolactin release

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2
Q

What action does GABA have on neurons?

A

inhibitory, can reduce risk of seizures

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3
Q

What action does glutamate have on neurotransmitters?

A

excitatory; need to reduce this to reduce risk of seizures

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4
Q

What are visceral controls of serotonin?

A

sleep, temp, appetite, neuroendocrine

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5
Q

Some behavior disorders are associated with ____.

A

neurotransmitter imbalance

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6
Q

Degeneration/generalized loss of neurons results in __.

A

dementia

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7
Q

Degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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8
Q

Degeneration of extra-pyramidal motor neurons

A

Parkinson’s Disease

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9
Q

Two examples of neural pathway disruptions

A

MS, GBS

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10
Q

A newer understanding of Parkinson’s classifies it as a ___ _____ disorder.

A

chronic neurodegenerative

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11
Q

The pathology of Parkinson’s is described as _______ in neostriatum.

A

reduced dopamine/acetylcholine ratio

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12
Q

What drugs cause secondary Parkinson’s disease?

A

1st generation neuroleptics: phenathiazines, haloperidol

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13
Q

What are some non-reversible 2ndary Parkinsons”

A

encephalitis (like from malaria), cerebral vascular incident, toxic

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14
Q

What are the 6 main symptoms of Parkinson’s?

A

Bradykinesia, rigidity, tremors, postural instability, brief recovery in emergencies, mild-mod intellectual impairment

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15
Q

Tx strategy for Parkinson’s?

A

improve dopamine/acetylcholine ratio; help control the symptoms

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16
Q

Previous 1st choice pharm tx of Parkinsons

A

Levodopa/Carbidopa

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17
Q

What are the 2 main adverse effects of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A

involuntary movements. fluctuating effectiveness

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18
Q

How does carbidopa work?

A

inhibits the breakdown of Levodopa

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19
Q

What are the two classes of Dopaminergic Agonists?

A

Ergot and non-Ergots

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20
Q

What is a bad side effect of Dopaminergic agents?

A

hallucinations; don’t use in ppl with psychosis

21
Q

What are the adverse effects in anticholingeric drugs?

A

blurred vision, urinary retention, mydriasis

22
Q

When are anticholingeric medications contraindicated for Parkinson use?

A

glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, dementia

23
Q

How do selective MAOIs work?

A

elevate dopamine levels, enhance levodopa/carbidopa

24
Q

Which isoform do we want to prevent blocking in MAOs?

A

A: degrades norepi and tyramine
B: degrades dopamine

25
Q

What happens if tyramine is not degraded?

A

HTN crisis

26
Q

What drug increases dopamine production and works best against bradykinesia?

A

Amantadine

27
Q

These drugs reduce levodopa degradation reducing on-off syndrome but can cause liver issues?

A

COMT- Inhibitors

28
Q

Most common form of Parkinson-associated dementia?

A

late-onset

29
Q

Early onset parkinson-associated dementia is linked to the production of these in the neurons?

A

Lewy body

30
Q

What stressful symptom is a sign of Lewy Body dementia?

A

frequent hallucinations

31
Q

What is associated with the reduced life expectancy of Parkinson’s?

A

choking, aspiration pneumonia

32
Q

This disease is characterized by areas of demyelination in the CNS?

A

MS

33
Q

What are the 3 forms of MS?

A

relapse-remitting, primary, secondary progressive

34
Q

These drugs for MS are anti-viral and anti-neoplastic because they activate these immune components?

A

macrophages, natural killer cells, antigen presentation to T cells

35
Q

What is the main interferon toxicity?

A

neuropsychiatric

36
Q

What are IG therapy risks?

A

infectious disease, allergic reactions

37
Q

How do IGs work?

A

F*** up T cell jobs

38
Q

What are risk factors for Dementia?

A

age, females, head injury, chronic disease (atherosclerosis, diabetes)

39
Q

What are the causes of dementia?

A

Alzheimers, vascular, lewy body, frontotemporal, cerebral anoxia, vit b def, hypothyroid, chronic alcohol, immunodeficiency syndrome

40
Q

What pathophysiology is indicative of Alzheimers?

A

plaques and tangles

41
Q

What drugs are said to prevent Alzheimers?

A

statns, NSAIDs

42
Q

What drugs are used to tx Alzheimers?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA antagonists

43
Q

What are side effects of acetycholinesterase drugs?

A

sweating, bladder issues, and more

44
Q

Are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors considered effective?

A

Effect is not dramatic

45
Q

This is a type of glutamate receptor.

A

NMDA

46
Q

Name examples of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

Donepazil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine

47
Q

Name an example of NMDA antagonists.

A

Memantine

48
Q

What is the most common motor neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive death of both upper and lower motor neurons?

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

49
Q

What drug is used for the tx of ALS? 2 types.

A

Riluzole- sodium channel blocker

Edaravone- neuroprotective agent

Advanced Pharm (23 decks)

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