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HISTOLOGY LEC > TOPIC 8 - NERVOUS TISSUE > Flashcards

TOPIC 8 - NERVOUS TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

It is the main component of the nervous which regulates and controls bodily functions.

A

Nervous tissue

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2
Q

Part of nervous system that is responsible for impulse transmission.

A

Neurons

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3
Q

Part of nervous system which assist in the propagation of nerve impulses as well as providing nutrients to the neurons.

A

Neuroglial cells

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4
Q

All types of nerve cells have an axon that send action potential signal to the next cell. True or False?

A

True

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5
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A
  1. Sensory input
  2. Integration
  3. Muscle and gland control
  4. Homeostasis
  5. Mental activity
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6
Q

Parts of neuron: Enclosed by a cell/plasma membrane and has a central nucleus

A

Cell body

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7
Q

Parts of neuron: Granules found in the cytoplasm of the cell body.

A

Nissl bodies

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8
Q

Parts of neuron: Extremely fine fibers within the cell body from the dendrites to the axon

A

Neurofibrils

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9
Q

Parts of neuron: Whitish, non-cellular fatty layer that surrounds the axon

A

Myelin sheath

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10
Q

Parts of neuron: Cellular layer outside of the myelin sheath

A

Neurolemma/Sheath of Schwann cells

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11
Q

Parts of neuron: Myelin sheath together with the neurolemma

A

Medullary sheath

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12
Q

Parts of neuron: Interrupted intervals along the medullary sheath

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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13
Q

Not all living cells have ability to react to stimuli. True or False?

A

False

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14
Q

This sheath surrounds the nerve.

A

Epineurium sheath of dense connective tissue

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15
Q

This sheath surrounds the bundles of nerve fibers.

A

Perineurium

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16
Q

There are blood vessels in the epineurium. True or False?

A

True

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17
Q

This sheath is a thin layer of loose connective tissue which surrounds the individual nerve fibers.

A

Endoneurium

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18
Q

Majority of neurons are generated after the birth. True or False?

A

False, before the birth

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19
Q

Additional neurons are important for maintenance and plasticity; they are also sufficient to replace neurons that die. True or False?

A

False, insufficient to replace ….

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20
Q

Mature neurons mitotically divide. True or False?

A

False

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21
Q

What are the keys to understand the function of neuron?

A
  1. Shape of the neuron and its processes
  2. Chemicals the neurons uses to communicate (neurotransmitter)
  3. Ways in which neuron react to the neurotransmitters released by other neurons
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22
Q

Other term for neuron body

A

Perikaryon or soma

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23
Q

Part of receptive surface of neuron

A

Dendrites

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24
Q

One or several primary dendrites can divide into secondary and tertiary dendrites. True or False?

A

True

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25
Q

Dendrites are always smooth. True or False?

A

False, they can be “studded”.

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26
Q

The mushroom-shaped appendages of dendrites are called ?

A

Spines

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27
Q

Axon can be more than one. True or False?

A

False, never more than one.

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28
Q

The point of origin of axon from cell body/perikaryon is called?

A

Axon hillock

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29
Q

Axon may branch like dendrites. True or False?

A

True

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30
Q

It is the transmitting process of the neuron.

A

Axon

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31
Q

It is the bulb-shaped swellings at the end of axon.

A

Terminal boutons

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32
Q

It is the bulb-shaped swellings along the course of axon.

A

Boutons en passant

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33
Q

It is a specialized contacts between a bouton formed by one neuron and the cell surface of another neuron.

A

Synapse

34
Q

What mediates transfer of information from pre- to postsynaptic neuron?

A

Release of neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft

35
Q

Nerve cells functionally meet at the synapse with direct contact. True or False?

A

False, normally without direct contact.

36
Q

These are the messages that are electrical signals carried by nervous system.

A

Impulses

37
Q

These causes excitation or inhibition to postsynaptic neurons.

A

Transmitters

38
Q

What is the most prominent excitatory transmitter of CNS?

A

L-glutamate

39
Q

What is the most prominent inhibitory transmitter of CNS?

A

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)

40
Q

What are the other main neurotransmitters?

A
  1. Dopamine
  2. Serotonin
  3. Acetylcholine
  4. Noradrenaline
  5. Glycine
41
Q

Each neuron can use 2 or more main transmitters. True or False?

A

False, only one main transmitter.

42
Q

One or more minor transmitters can be used together with main transmitter. True or False?

A

True

43
Q

Give some of the minor transmitters.

A
  1. Cholecystokinin
  2. Endogenous
  3. Opiods
  4. Somatostatin
44
Q

These are several types of non-neuronal, supporting cells in CNS tissue.

A

Glial cells

45
Q

These are star-shaped cells which processes are often in contact with blood vessels.

A

Astrocytes

46
Q

Other term for astrocytes

A

Astroglia

47
Q

What do you call the processes of astrocytes?

A

Perivascular foot processes

48
Q

It is the scar-forming cells of CNS.

A

Astrocytes

49
Q

Give the 3 functions of astrocytes.

A
  1. Provide mechanical and metabolic support to the neurons of the CNS
  2. Maintenance of composition of ECF
  3. Removal of transmitters from synapses and metabolism of transmitters
50
Q

Oligodendrocytes have fewer and shorter processes than astrocytes. True or False?

A

True

50
Q

It forms myelin sheath around axons in the CNS.

A

Oligodendrocytes

50
Q

SCHWANN CELLS:PNS::OLIGO:CNS

Correct or Wrong?

A

Correct

51
Q

Both Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes may form parts of myelin sheath of several axons. True or False?

A

False, only oligodendrocytes

51
Q

Glial cells that are small with complex shapes.

A

Microglia

52
Q

Microglia is from what germ layer?

A

Mesoderm

53
Q

In case of tissue damage, this glial cell can proliferate and differentiate into phagocytic cells.

A

Microglia

54
Q

This glial cell are derived from cell lines which gives rise to monocytes.

A

Microglia

55
Q

It lines the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord.

A

Ependymal cells

56
Q

Ependymal cells can be ciliated. True or False?

A

True

57
Q

What type of epithelium lines the ependymal cells?

A

Simple cuboidal or low columnar epithelium

58
Q

Ependymal cells has no tight junction allowing free exchange between CSF and nervous tissue. True or False?

A

False

59
Q

Ependymal cells can specialize into ____ which are rarely ciliated with long basal processes; form ventricular lining over a few CNS regions in which the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is incomplete.

A

Tanycytes

60
Q

Occasionally, neurons may make synapse-like contact with glial cells. True or False?

A

True

61
Q

Other term for satellite cells

A

Amphycytes/Gliocytes of the PNS

62
Q

It is a type of glial cell that is oval or spindle-shaped cells with scanty cytoplasm and round nucleus at expanded part of the cell.

A

Amphycytes

63
Q

It form rosary-like capsule around individual cell bodies of neurons located in cranial and spinal ganglia.

A

Amphycytes

64
Q

Other term for Schwann cells

A

Neurolemmocytes

65
Q

These are the cells enclosing both the unmyelinated and myelinated axons in the PNS.

A

Schwann cells

66
Q

It produces myelin sheath of myelinated fibers in the PNS.

A

Schwann cells

67
Q

Single neurolemmocyte can invest one to several nerve fibers. True or False?

A

True

68
Q

It is a classification of neuron in which only one protoplasmic process extends from the cell body.

A

Unipolar neurons

69
Q

It is a classification of neuron having several dendrites and an axon.

A

Multipolar neurons

70
Q

Unipolar neurons that begins as bipolar neurons during development are known as?

A

Pseudounipolar neurons

71
Q

Unipolar neuron has only one process. What is the process?

A

The axon

72
Q

Unipolar neurons are common in insects. True or False?

A

True

73
Q

Unipolar neurons are present in developing or embryonic nervous system. True or False?

A

True

74
Q

Pseudounipolar has 2 processes. True or False?

A

True

75
Q

What are the 2 processes of pseudounipolar neuron?

A

Both axons

76
Q

In pseudounipolar neuron, soma is small with small, round, centrally located nucleus. True or False?

A

False, large structures.

77
Q

2 types of axons present in pseudounipolar neuron

A
  1. Efferent
  2. Afferent
78
Q

Give 2 examples of bipolar neurons.

A
  1. Photoreceptor cells of the retina
  2. Olfactory hair cells of the olfactory epithelium
79
Q

What are the 2 processes of bipolar neuron?

A
  1. One axon
  2. One dendrite

HISTOLOGY LEC (20 decks)

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