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HISTOLOGY LEC > TOPIC 13B - LIVER > Flashcards

TOPIC 13B - LIVER Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A
  1. Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
  2. Storage of carbohydrates (glycogen)
  3. Production of proteins like albumin and blood clotting factors
  4. Secretion of bile (helps emulsify fats so they can be digested) into duodenum
  5. Removal of old red cells from blood
  6. Transformation and excretion of drugs and toxins
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2
Q

Typically, how many lobes are present in liver?

A

4 lobes

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3
Q

This is the deep fissure on the inferior surface of the liver.

A

Porta hepatis

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4
Q

What are the 2 main structures that enters the porta hepatis?

A
  1. Hepatic portal vein
  2. Hepatic artery
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5
Q

What is the main structure that exit the porta hepatis?

A

Common hepatic duct

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6
Q

This brings oxygenated blood to liver from the aorta.

A

Hepatic artery

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7
Q

This brings deoxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to the liver from the intestine.

A

Portal vein

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8
Q

This carries blood from liver to inferior vena cava.

A

Hepatic vein

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9
Q

This drains bile from the liver into the intestine.

A

Bile ducts

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10
Q

Bile ducts fuse to form ?

A

Common hepatic duct

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11
Q

The parenchymal cells of the liver are called ?

A

Hepatocytes

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12
Q

What divides the liver into lobules ?

A

Connective tissue

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13
Q

This type of fiber support hepatocytes and endothelial cells of sinusoids.

A

Reticular fibers

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14
Q

How many nuclei are present in hepatocytes?

A

1-2 nuclei

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15
Q

SER and RER in hepatocytes are in few numbers. True or False?

A

False, many.

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16
Q

Glycogen granules and lipid droplets are often present in hepatocytes. True or False?

A

True

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17
Q

What are the functions of hepatocytes?

A
  1. Production of proteins (albumin, clotting proteins)
  2. Secretion of bile acids (10% made by hepatocytes, 90% recirculated)
  3. Conjugation of bilirubin to produce water-soluble, excretable bilirubin glucuronide
  4. Detoxification of drugs in smooth ER
  5. Storage of glycogen and triglycerides
  6. Gluconeogenesis
18
Q

The liver is organized into “lobules” with the ____ ____ in the middle and the ____ ____ at the periphery.

A

central vein, portal triads

19
Q

What are the components of portal triad?

A
  1. Portal vein
  2. Hepatic artery
  3. Bile duct
20
Q

Lobules are pale in edges, darker at center. True or False?

A

False, other way around.

21
Q

Trace the blood flow in the liver lobule.

A

Portal vein and hepatic artery - Branches of portal vein and hepatic artery - Hepatic sinusoids - Central veins - Sublobular vein - Hepatic vein - Inferior vena cava

22
Q

These are tubular spaces surrounded by plasma membranes of 2 adjacent hepatocytes

A

Bile canaliculi

23
Q

Cell membranes of hepatocytes are joined by ?

A

Tight junctions/Zonula occludens

24
Q

Bile flows from the periphery to bile canaliculi then to the center. True or False?

A

False, center - periphery - bile canaliculi.

25
Q

After bile passes into bile canaliculi, it flows through ____ ____, then through ducts in ____ ___.

A

bile ductules (Hering’s canals), portal spaces

26
Q

These are large, leaky capillaries lined by one discontinuous layer of fenestrated endothelial cells and macrophages of liver.

A

Hepatic sinusoids

27
Q

Macrophages in the liver are called ?

A

Kupffer cells

28
Q

These spaces lie between hepatocytes and sinusoids.

A

Perisinusoidal space/Space of Disse

29
Q

Hepatocyte microvilli project into space of Disse. True or False?

A

True

30
Q

Exchange of nutrient and metabolites occurs in?

A

Perisinusoidal space/Space of Disse

31
Q

What are the functions of Kupffer cells?

A
  1. Detecting and removing old red cells,
  2. Eating bacteria and debris in blood
  3. Presenting antigen to lymphocytes
32
Q

In an adult, liver weighs about how many pounds?

A

3 pounds

33
Q

Liver is located in the upper ____ part of the abdomen, behind the ____ ____.

A

right, lower ribs

34
Q

Hexagonal areas that form the structural & functional unit of liver.

A

Hepatic lobule

35
Q

Each hepatic lobule is separated from others by ?

A

Septa

36
Q

Liver is connected to the diaphragm and abdominal walls by ____ ____.

A

Five ligaments

37
Q

If a part of the liver is removed, the remaining parts can grow back to its original size and shape. True or False?

A

True

38
Q

Liver synthesizes cholesterol. True or False?

A

True

39
Q

It is a muscular bag for the storage, concentration, acidification and delivery of bile to small intestine.

A

Gall bladder

40
Q

What are the contents of bile?

A
  1. Bicarbonate
  2. Bile salts
  3. Bile pigment
  4. Cholesterol
41
Q

A decrease in bile flow due to impaired secretion by hepatocytes or to obstruction of bile flow through intra-or extrahepatic bile ducts.

A

Cholestasis

HISTOLOGY LEC (20 decks)

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