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HISTOLOGY LEC > TOPIC 16 - FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

TOPIC 16 - FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of female reproductive system?

A
  1. Produces the female egg cells
  2. Transports the eggs to the site of fertilization
  3. The fertilization of an egg by a sperm, occurs in the fallopian tubes
  4. After fertilization, provides a place for a baby to develop
  5. If fertilization does not take place, the system is designed to menstruate
  6. Produces female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle
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2
Q

What are the parts of female reproductive system?

A
  1. A pair of ovaries
  2. A pair of oviducts
  3. Uterus
  4. Cervix
  5. Vagina
  6. External genitalia
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3
Q

What is the primary female sex organ?

A

Ovaries

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4
Q

Oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus

A

Ovariese

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5
Q

What are the layers of ovary?

A
  1. Germinal epithelium
  2. T. albuginea
  3. Stroma
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6
Q

The germinal epithelium ovary is what type of epithelium?

A

Simple squamous

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7
Q

Stroma of ovary can be divided into?

A
  1. Medulla
  2. Cortex
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8
Q

The medulla of stroma of ovary is constituted as what type of connective tissue ?

A

Loose connective tissue

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9
Q

Between medulla and cortex, which contains ovarian follicles?

A

Cortex

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10
Q

Follicular cells has how many layer of cells ?

A

Single layer

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11
Q

Granulosa cells has how many layers of cells ?

A

Several layers

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12
Q

It is a large, fluid-filled follicle that will rupture and release a secondary oocyte in process called ovulation.

A

Mature/Graafian follicle

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13
Q

Remnant of ruptured follicle

A

Corpus luteum

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14
Q

Corpus luteum produces what hormones ?

A
  1. Estrogen
  2. Progesterone
  3. Relaxin
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15
Q

Corpus luteum degenerates into ?

A

Corpus albicans

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16
Q

At birth, about how many oogonia and primary oocytes are present in each ovary?

A

1 million

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17
Q

Many oogonia degenerate, but a few develop into primary oocytes that enter ____ ____ of meiosis before birth. (Hint: stage of meiosis)

A

Prophase I

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18
Q

About how many oocytes mature over a woman’s lifetime ?

A

400

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19
Q

It comprises the primary oocyte and single layer of follicular cells.

A

Primordial follicle

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20
Q

What separates oocyte from the granulosa cells?

A

Zona pellucida (layer of glycoprotein)

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21
Q

Ovarian cells outside follicle form two layers. What are these layers?

A
  1. Inner vascular layer (theca interna)
  2. Outer fibrous layer (theca externa)
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22
Q

Between the two layers of ovarian cells outside follicle, which secretes hormones?

A

Inner vascular layer

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23
Q

Granulosa cells begin to secrete fluid, forms a cavity called ?

A

Antrum

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24
Q

After puberty, each month, ___ secondary follicle resumes meiosis. Meiosis ___ results in two unequal cells: ____ ____ and ____ ____. It begins to divide again but stops at _____ _____.

A

1, I, secondary oocyte and polar body, metaphase II

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25
Q

These are cells in the ovarian stroma.

A

Thecal cells

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26
Q

What are the 3 cells around the oocyte?

A
  1. Follicle cells
  2. Granulosa cells
  3. Thecal cells
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27
Q

Between the 3 cells around the oocyte, which works together to produce estrogen ?

A

Thecal & granulosa cells

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28
Q

Type of follicle that has one layer of squamous-like cells surrounding the oocyte

A

Primordial follicle

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29
Q

In primary follicle, what is the shape of cells and how many layers are present?

A

Cuboidal granulosa cells, 2 or more layers

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30
Q

Among the follicular stages, which has a fluid-filled space between granulosa cells that coalesces to form a central antrum ?

A

Secondary follicle

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31
Q

This is the secondary follicle at its most mature stage that bulges from the surface of the ovary.

A

Graafian follicle

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32
Q

The ruptured follicle after ovulation

A

Corpus luteum

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33
Q

If fertilization does not occur, the CL will begin to break down about ____ weeks after ovulation.

A

2

34
Q

Degeneration of corpus luteum occurs when _____ enter it.

A

fibroblasts

35
Q

At ovulation, what are the structures released ?

A

Secondary oocyte and polar body

36
Q

Nuclei of ovum and sperm unite to from a ____.

A

Zygote

37
Q

In total, meiosis results in how many ovum and polar bodies?

A

1 ovum, 3 polar bodies

38
Q

The structure that receives the ovulated oocyte and provide a site for fertilization.

A

Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)

39
Q

Uterine tubes empty into the superolateral region of the uterus via the ?

A

Isthmus

40
Q

Uterine tubes expand distally around the ovary forming the ?

A

Ampulla

41
Q

The ampulla ends in the funnel-shaped, ciliated _____ containing finger-like projections called _____.

A

infundibulum, fimbriae

42
Q

If oocyte is fertilized, it will reach the uterus in about ____ days.

A

7

43
Q

Uterus is comparable to the size and shape of what ?

A

Inverted pear

44
Q

This structure functions in menstruation, implantation of zygote, development of the fetus and labor.

A

Uterus

45
Q

Is uterus part of the pathway for sperm to reach ovum?

A

Yes

46
Q

Uterus can be divided into 3 parts. What are these ?

A
  1. Fundus
  2. Body
  3. Cervix
47
Q

Part of uterus that is domed upper portion

A

Fundus

48
Q

Part of uterus considered as main portion

A

Body

49
Q

Part of uterus that is narrow, lower section that extends into vagina

A

Cervix (**cervical orifice)

50
Q

What are the layers of the uterus ? (outermost to innermost)

A
  1. Perimetrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Endometrium
51
Q

Perimetrium is considered as part of visceral peritoneum. True or False?

A

True

52
Q

This layer of uterus is considered as the bulk of uterus.

A

Myometrium

53
Q

In general, how many layers of muscle are present in myometrium?

A

3 layers

54
Q

The endometrium layer of uterus comprises small amount of blood vessels. True or False?

A

False, highly vascular

55
Q

Sublayer of endometrium that is shed during menstruation.

A

Stratum functionalis

56
Q

Sublayer of endometrium that is deeper and is permanent layer, giving rise to another sublayer after each cycle.

A

Stratum basalis

57
Q

Endometrium is lined by what epithelium ?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

58
Q

Endometrium has no glands. True or False?

A

False, has endometrial glands.

59
Q

Phase of endometrium wherein glands and blood vessels are scattered throughout the functional zone with little or no branching; new glands form and endometrium thickens

A

Proliferative phase

60
Q

Phase of endometrium wherein glands are enlarged and have branches; preparation of endometrium for implantation.

A

Secretory phase

61
Q

This is the cavity of the cervix that communicates with vagina and uterine body.

A

Cervical canal

62
Q

Cervical canal communicate with vagina via ?

A

External os

63
Q

Cervical canal communicate with uterine body via ?

A

Internal os

64
Q

Cervical glands is capable of secreting mucus. True or False?

A

True

65
Q

Cervical glands secrete mucus that covers the ____ ____ and blocks sperm entry except during mid-cycle.

A

external os

66
Q

Thin-walled tube lying between the bladder and the rectum, extending from the cervix to the exterior of the body.

A

Vagina

67
Q

Three coats of wall of vagina

A
  1. Fibroelastic adventitia
  2. Smooth muscle muscularis
  3. Stratified squamous mucosa
68
Q

Mucosa near the vaginal orifice forms an incomplete partition called the ?

A

Hymen

69
Q

This is the upper end of the vagina surrounding the cervix.

A

Vaginal fornix

70
Q

Also known as birth canal

A

Vagina

71
Q

Lower pH of vagina indicates that it is more susceptible to infection and more hospitable to sperm. True or False?

A

False, less susceptible; less hospitable

72
Q

The external genitalia of female is collectively known as ?

A

Vulva

73
Q

This protects other external reproductive organs of female; rounded folds of adipose tissue and skin.

A

Labia majora

74
Q

Accessory organs of the female reproductive system

A

Mammary glands

75
Q

Mammary glands are modified sweat glands. True or False?

A

True

76
Q

Mammary gland lie over what muscle?

A

Pectoralis major m.

77
Q

Mammary glands are attached to fascia by what ?

A

Suspensory ligament of Cooper

78
Q

Breast size is determined more by glandular tissue than by fat. True or False?

A

False, other way around.

79
Q

In mammary glands, lobules are made of milk-secreting cells arranged in ____.

A

Alveoli

80
Q

Alveoli are surrounded by _____ cells which contract to move milk out of alveoli.

A

Myoepithelial

81
Q

In mammary glands, milk passes from ____ to ____ ____ into ____ ____.

A

alveoli, secondary tubules, mammary ducts

HISTOLOGY LEC (20 decks)

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