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HISTOLOGY LEC > TOPIC 16 - FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

TOPIC 16 - FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of female reproductive system?

A
  1. Produces the female egg cells
  2. Transports the eggs to the site of fertilization
  3. The fertilization of an egg by a sperm, occurs in the fallopian tubes
  4. After fertilization, provides a place for a baby to develop
  5. If fertilization does not take place, the system is designed to menstruate
  6. Produces female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle
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2
Q

What are the parts of female reproductive system?

A
  1. A pair of ovaries
  2. A pair of oviducts
  3. Uterus
  4. Cervix
  5. Vagina
  6. External genitalia
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3
Q

What is the primary female sex organ?

A

Ovaries

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4
Q

Oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus

A

Ovariese

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5
Q

What are the layers of ovary?

A
  1. Germinal epithelium
  2. T. albuginea
  3. Stroma
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6
Q

The germinal epithelium ovary is what type of epithelium?

A

Simple squamous

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7
Q

Stroma of ovary can be divided into?

A
  1. Medulla
  2. Cortex
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8
Q

The medulla of stroma of ovary is constituted as what type of connective tissue ?

A

Loose connective tissue

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9
Q

Between medulla and cortex, which contains ovarian follicles?

A

Cortex

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10
Q

Follicular cells has how many layer of cells ?

A

Single layer

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11
Q

Granulosa cells has how many layers of cells ?

A

Several layers

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12
Q

It is a large, fluid-filled follicle that will rupture and release a secondary oocyte in process called ovulation.

A

Mature/Graafian follicle

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13
Q

Remnant of ruptured follicle

A

Corpus luteum

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14
Q

Corpus luteum produces what hormones ?

A
  1. Estrogen
  2. Progesterone
  3. Relaxin
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15
Q

Corpus luteum degenerates into ?

A

Corpus albicans

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16
Q

At birth, about how many oogonia and primary oocytes are present in each ovary?

A

1 million

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17
Q

Many oogonia degenerate, but a few develop into primary oocytes that enter ____ ____ of meiosis before birth. (Hint: stage of meiosis)

A

Prophase I

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18
Q

About how many oocytes mature over a woman’s lifetime ?

A

400

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19
Q

It comprises the primary oocyte and single layer of follicular cells.

A

Primordial follicle

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20
Q

What separates oocyte from the granulosa cells?

A

Zona pellucida (layer of glycoprotein)

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21
Q

Ovarian cells outside follicle form two layers. What are these layers?

A
  1. Inner vascular layer (theca interna)
  2. Outer fibrous layer (theca externa)
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22
Q

Between the two layers of ovarian cells outside follicle, which secretes hormones?

A

Inner vascular layer

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23
Q

Granulosa cells begin to secrete fluid, forms a cavity called ?

A

Antrum

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24
Q

After puberty, each month, ___ secondary follicle resumes meiosis. Meiosis ___ results in two unequal cells: ____ ____ and ____ ____. It begins to divide again but stops at _____ _____.

A

1, I, secondary oocyte and polar body, metaphase II

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25
These are cells in the ovarian stroma.
Thecal cells
26
What are the 3 cells around the oocyte?
1. Follicle cells 2. Granulosa cells 3. Thecal cells
27
Between the 3 cells around the oocyte, which works together to produce estrogen ?
Thecal & granulosa cells
28
Type of follicle that has one layer of squamous-like cells surrounding the oocyte
Primordial follicle
29
In primary follicle, what is the shape of cells and how many layers are present?
Cuboidal granulosa cells, 2 or more layers
30
Among the follicular stages, which has a fluid-filled space between granulosa cells that coalesces to form a central antrum ?
Secondary follicle
31
This is the secondary follicle at its most mature stage that bulges from the surface of the ovary.
Graafian follicle
32
The ruptured follicle after ovulation
Corpus luteum
33
If fertilization does not occur, the CL will begin to break down about ____ weeks after ovulation.
2
34
Degeneration of corpus luteum occurs when _____ enter it.
fibroblasts
35
At ovulation, what are the structures released ?
Secondary oocyte and polar body
36
Nuclei of ovum and sperm unite to from a ____.
Zygote
37
In total, meiosis results in how many ovum and polar bodies?
1 ovum, 3 polar bodies
38
The structure that receives the ovulated oocyte and provide a site for fertilization.
Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)
39
Uterine tubes empty into the superolateral region of the uterus via the ?
Isthmus
40
Uterine tubes expand distally around the ovary forming the ?
Ampulla
41
The ampulla ends in the funnel-shaped, ciliated _____ containing finger-like projections called _____.
infundibulum, fimbriae
42
If oocyte is fertilized, it will reach the uterus in about ____ days.
7
43
Uterus is comparable to the size and shape of what ?
Inverted pear
44
This structure functions in menstruation, implantation of zygote, development of the fetus and labor.
Uterus
45
Is uterus part of the pathway for sperm to reach ovum?
Yes
46
Uterus can be divided into 3 parts. What are these ?
1. Fundus 2. Body 3. Cervix
47
Part of uterus that is domed upper portion
Fundus
48
Part of uterus considered as main portion
Body
49
Part of uterus that is narrow, lower section that extends into vagina
Cervix (**cervical orifice)
50
What are the layers of the uterus ? (outermost to innermost)
1. Perimetrium 2. Myometrium 3. Endometrium
51
Perimetrium is considered as part of visceral peritoneum. True or False?
True
52
This layer of uterus is considered as the bulk of uterus.
Myometrium
53
In general, how many layers of muscle are present in myometrium?
3 layers
54
The endometrium layer of uterus comprises small amount of blood vessels. True or False?
False, highly vascular
55
Sublayer of endometrium that is shed during menstruation.
Stratum functionalis
56
Sublayer of endometrium that is deeper and is permanent layer, giving rise to another sublayer after each cycle.
Stratum basalis
57
Endometrium is lined by what epithelium ?
Simple columnar epithelium
58
Endometrium has no glands. True or False?
False, has endometrial glands.
59
Phase of endometrium wherein glands and blood vessels are scattered throughout the functional zone with little or no branching; new glands form and endometrium thickens
Proliferative phase
60
Phase of endometrium wherein glands are enlarged and have branches; preparation of endometrium for implantation.
Secretory phase
61
This is the cavity of the cervix that communicates with vagina and uterine body.
Cervical canal
62
Cervical canal communicate with vagina via ?
External os
63
Cervical canal communicate with uterine body via ?
Internal os
64
Cervical glands is capable of secreting mucus. True or False?
True
65
Cervical glands secrete mucus that covers the ____ ____ and blocks sperm entry except during mid-cycle.
external os
66
Thin-walled tube lying between the bladder and the rectum, extending from the cervix to the exterior of the body.
Vagina
67
Three coats of wall of vagina
1. Fibroelastic adventitia 2. Smooth muscle muscularis 3. Stratified squamous mucosa
68
Mucosa near the vaginal orifice forms an incomplete partition called the ?
Hymen
69
This is the upper end of the vagina surrounding the cervix.
Vaginal fornix
70
Also known as birth canal
Vagina
71
Lower pH of vagina indicates that it is more susceptible to infection and more hospitable to sperm. True or False?
False, less susceptible; less hospitable
72
The external genitalia of female is collectively known as ?
Vulva
73
This protects other external reproductive organs of female; rounded folds of adipose tissue and skin.
Labia majora
74
Accessory organs of the female reproductive system
Mammary glands
75
Mammary glands are modified sweat glands. True or False?
True
76
Mammary gland lie over what muscle?
Pectoralis major m.
77
Mammary glands are attached to fascia by what ?
Suspensory ligament of Cooper
78
Breast size is determined more by glandular tissue than by fat. True or False?
False, other way around.
79
In mammary glands, lobules are made of milk-secreting cells arranged in ____.
Alveoli
80
Alveoli are surrounded by _____ cells which contract to move milk out of alveoli.
Myoepithelial
81
In mammary glands, milk passes from ____ to ____ ____ into ____ ____.
alveoli, secondary tubules, mammary ducts

HISTOLOGY LEC (20 decks)

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