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HISTOLOGY LEC > TOPIC 7 - MUSCLE TISSUE > Flashcards

TOPIC 7 - MUSCLE TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

“Sarco-“ is from what Greek word ?

A

“Sarx”

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2
Q

What is the meaning of the Greek word “Sarx”?

A

Flesh

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3
Q

“Myo-“ is from what Greek word?

A

“Mys”

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4
Q

What is the meaning of Greek word “Mys”?

A

Muscle

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A
  1. Smooth muscle
  2. Skeletal muscle
  3. Cardiac muscle
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6
Q

Give the type of muscle that is non-striated.

A

Smooth muscle

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7
Q

Give the type of muscle that is striated.

A
  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Cardiac muscle
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8
Q

Give the type of muscle that is voluntary.

A

Skeletal muscle

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9
Q

Give the type of muscle that is involuntary.

A
  1. Cardiac muscle
  2. Smooth muscle
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10
Q

Muscle tissues contract in response to ?

A

Stimulation

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11
Q

Muscles can lengthen by itself. True or False?

A

False

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12
Q

How can muscles be lengthened?

A

Through contractions

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13
Q

Give 3 functions of muscles.

A
  1. Locomotion
  2. Food movement
  3. Heat production
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14
Q

The ends of the smooth muscles are?

A

Tapered

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15
Q

This type of muscle surrounds the gut and moves food through the digestive tract.

A

Smooth muscle

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16
Q

This type of muscle surrounds blood vessel where it controls distribution of blood.

A

Smooth muscle

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17
Q

After meals, blood vessels in the gut are ____ while those in the skeletal muscles ____.

A

Filled, contract

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18
Q

There is not enough blood in the body to fill all blood vessels so some must be ____ while others are filled.

A

Contracted

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19
Q

This type of muscle has cells that are long, extending the length of muscle.

A

Skeletal muscle

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20
Q

This type of muscle is multinucleated and striated.

A

Skeletal muscle

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21
Q

Striations are seen as a result of what ?

A

Orderly arrangement of actin and myosin filaments within the muscle cell.

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22
Q

The skeletal muscle cells are arranged into bundles called ?

A

Fascicles

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23
Q

Fascicles are surrounded by thin layers of connective tissue. True or False?

A

True

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24
Q

Fascicles can still be arranged into larger bundles. True or Falase?

A

True

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25
Q

If bundled skeletal muscle cells are arranged into fascicles, fascicles are arranged into ?

A

Particular muscular organ (e.g. biceps)

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26
Q

The connective tissues surrounding fascicles extends into what type of connective tissue?

A

Dense regular connective tissue (e.g. tendon)

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27
Q

This type of muscle is found in the heart.

A

Cardiac muscle

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28
Q

This type of muscle is striated and branched.

A

Cardiac muscle

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29
Q

What do you call the structure that connects the branches of muscle cells in the cardiac muscle?

A

Intercalated discs

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30
Q

This type of muscle has strong and quick discontinuous contraction.

A

Skeletal muscle

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31
Q

This type of muscle has strong and quick continuous contraction.

A

Cardiac muscle

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32
Q

This type of muscle has weak and slow contraction.

A

Smooth muscle

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33
Q

Give the locations of each type of muscle. (Skeletal - cardiac - smooth respectively)

A
  1. Near bones
  2. Heart wall
  3. Walls of hollow organs and blood vessels
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34
Q

What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle nuclei?

A

Many, flat, peripheral

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35
Q

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle nuclei?

A

1-2 per cell, plump, central

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36
Q

What are the characteristics of smooth muscle nuclei?

A

One per cell, central

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37
Q

Among the types of muscle, which has sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Cardiac muscle
  3. Smooth muscle (less developed)
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38
Q

Among the types of muscle, which has T-tubules?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Cardiac muscle
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39
Q

Where do you find the T-tubules in skeletal muscle?

A

At the junction of A-I bands.

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40
Q

Where do you find the T-tubules in cardiac muscle?

A

At the Z lines.

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41
Q

The T-tubules in skeletal muscle forms what?

A

Forms triads

(Triads - t-tubule (transverse tubule) flanked by two sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) terminal cisternae)

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42
Q

The T-tubules in cardiac muscle forms what?

A

Forms diads

(Diads - single t-tubule paired with one sarcoplasmic reticulum terminal cisternae)

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43
Q

This type of muscle has cells overlapping each other.

A

Smooth muscle

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44
Q

This type of muscle has moderate blood supply.

A

Skeletal muscle

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45
Q

This type of muscle has extensive blood supply.

A

Cardiac muscle

46
Q

This type of muscle has less abundant blood supply.

A

Smooth muscle

47
Q

Skeletal muscle cells is derived from?

(Hint: Embryonic)

A

Mesenchymal cells

48
Q

A precursor of muscle cell that is fused to form multi-nucleated myotubes which elongate.

A

Myoblast

49
Q

What are the components of sarcoplasm?

A
  1. Ton of mitochondria
  2. Glycogen granules
  3. Myoglobin
50
Q

In mature skeletal muscles, its tubes are long and branched. True or False?

A

False, unbranched.

51
Q

Mature skeletal muscle cells can still divide. True or False?

A

False

52
Q

There is abundant basophilic cytoplasm in skeletal muscle. True or False?

A

False, eosinophilic.

53
Q

It is a delicate connective tissue that surrounds muscle fibers (myofibrils).

A

Endomysium

54
Q

It is a connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle.

A

Perimysium

55
Q

It is a dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds entire muscle.

A

Epimysium

56
Q

Sarcomere is derived from what Greek words?

A

“Sarx” and “Meros”

57
Q

The Greek word “Meros” means?

A

Part

58
Q

It is the basic functional unit of a muscle.

A

Sarcomere

59
Q

It is composed of tubular muscle cells formed in the process of myogenesis.

A

Sarcomere

60
Q

It is composed of repeating sections of sarcomeres which appear under the microscope as dark and light bands.

A

Myofibrils

61
Q

It is the thick filament of myofibrils.

A

Myosin

62
Q

It is the thin filament of myofibrils.

A

Actin

63
Q

Myosin can only bind to actin when binding sites are exposed to ?

A

Calcium ions

64
Q

Myosin head binds to ___ which is the source of energy for muscle movement.

A

ATP

65
Q

What forms the borders of sarcomeres?

A

Actin molecules bound to Z lines

66
Q

It gives skeletal and cardiac muscles their striated appearance.

A

Organized arrangement of sarcomeres

67
Q

A sarcomere is defined as running from ___ ___ to ___ ___.

A

Z line to Z line

68
Q

When muscles contract, sarcomeres ____.

A

Shorten

69
Q

In a contraction, actin filaments get pulled ___ each other. The distance between the Z lines ___, and the H band ___.

A

toward, shorten, disappears

70
Q

Sarcomere structures: It is composed of myosin filaments overlapping actin filaments. `

A

A bands

71
Q

Sarcomere structures: It is in the center of A bands, They lie between the free ends of the thin filaments and contain only myosin filaments.

A

H bands

72
Q

Sarcomere structures: It bisect H bands. They are where adjacent thick filaments connect.

A

M lines

73
Q

Sarcomere structures: It contain only thin filaments.

A

I bands

74
Q

Sarcomere structures: It bisect I bands.

A

Z lines (disks)

75
Q

This is a structural protein that attaches actin filaments to the Z line.

A

Alpha actinin

76
Q

It is the counterpart of endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells.

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

77
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum is specialized requester that releases sodium ions. True or False?

A

False, calcium ions.

78
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum surrounds each myofibril. True or False?

A

True

79
Q

At each A-I band junction. a tubular invagination of the sarcolemma termed ____ ____ penetrates the muscle fiber and lies next to the surface of myofibrils.

A

Transverse (T) tubule

80
Q

It is an expansion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum called a ___ ___ lying on each side of the T-tubule.

A

Terminal cisterna

81
Q

It is a complex of 2 terminal cisternae with a T-tubule in between.

A

Triad

82
Q

What glue adjacent cells together in cardiac muscle?

A

Intercalated disks

83
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum is abundant and prominent in cardiac muscle cells. True or False?

A

False

84
Q

If the T-tubules occurs at A-I bands in skeletal muscle, where does it occur in cardiac muscle?

A

At Z lines

85
Q

T-tubules form triads with adjacent sarcoplasmic reticulum. True or False?

A

False, diads.

86
Q

Intercalated disks are complexes of several types of cell-cell junctions. True or False?

A

True

87
Q

In cardiac muscle, this anchors actin filaments.

A

Fascia adherens

88
Q

In cardiac muscle, this prevent cardiac muscle fibers from tearing apart during contraction.

A

Macula adherens (spot desmosomes)

89
Q

In cardiac muscle, this allows electrical stimuli to be passed from cell to cell.

A

Gap junctions

90
Q

Smooth muscle is also present in the eye. True or False?

A

True

91
Q

In addition to their contractile properties, smooth muscle cells produce ____, ____, and ____.

A

Collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans.

92
Q

Smooth muscle cells are in what shape?

A

Fusiform (spindle-shaped)

93
Q

The width of the fiber or cell of smooth muscle is only slightly lesser than the width of the nucleus. True or False?

A

False, slightly greater

94
Q

Smooth muscle cells are packed together tightly. True or False?

A

True

95
Q

In smooth muscle cell, there is lesser mitochondria. True or False?

A

False, abundant mitochondria.

96
Q

In smooth muscle cell, rough ER is abundant. True or False?

A

False, lesser RER.

97
Q

In smooth muscle cell, golgi complex is smaller. True or False?

A

False, large golgi complex.

98
Q

Each smooth muscle cell is surrounded by a thin layer of ____ fibers.

A

Reticular

99
Q

Actin and myosin filaments in smooth muscle are not tightly arranged but just crisscross through cell. True or False?

A

True

100
Q

What are the intermediate filaments present in smooth muscle?

A

Desmin and vimentin

101
Q

These are anchor sites for actin-myosin filament bundles.

A

Dense bodies

102
Q

Smooth muscle: Counterpart of Z-disks of skeletal and cardiac muscle.

A

Dense bodies

103
Q

Dense bodies are located outside the sarcolemma. True or False?

A

False, inside.

104
Q

All types of muscle has regenerative ability. True or False?

A

False

105
Q

Among the 3 types of muscle, which has no regenerative ability?

A

Cardiac muscle

106
Q

Death of cardiac muscle leads to replacement by?

A

Dense connective tissue scar

107
Q

Both skeletal muscle and smooth muscle has “active” regeneration. True or False?

A

False, only smooth muscle.

108
Q

Skeletal muscle can only undergo limited regeneration. True or False?

A

True

109
Q

In the case of an injury in skeletal muscle, these are activated to proliferate and fuse.

A

Satellite cells

110
Q

What type of cell is a satellite cell?

A

Myoblast

111
Q

In the case of an injury in smooth muscle, muscle fibers undergo ____ and replace damaged tissue.

A

Mitosis

HISTOLOGY LEC (20 decks)

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