TOPIC 12 - DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
Give the organs of digestive system.
- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
- Anus
What are the 4 basic histological layers of the digestive system?
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis
- Serosa
What are the sublayers of mucosa layer?
- Epithelium
- Lamina propria
- Muscularis mucosae
It is the plexus located in the submucosal region between the circular muscle and mucosa.
Submucosal plexus
Other term for submucosal plexus
Meissner’s plexus
It is the plexus located between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of most of the digestive tract.
Myenteric plexus
Other term for myenteric plexus
Auerbach’s plexus
Give the type of epithelium of mouth.
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Give the type of epithelium of pharynx.
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Give the type of epithelium of mucosal layer of esophagus.
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Give the type of epithelium of mucosal layer of stomach.
Simple columnar epithelium
Give the type of epithelium of mucosal layer of small intestine.
Simple columnar epithelium
Give the type of epithelium of mucosal layer of large intestine.
Simple columnar epithelium
Give the type of epithelium of anus.
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Esophagus has presence of folds in its epithelium. True or False?
False
What is the structure/folds present in the mucosal lining of stomach?
Rugae
What is the structure/folds present in the mucosal lining of small intestine?
- Plicae circulares
- Villi
What is the structure/folds present in the mucosal lining of large intestine?
- Haustra
What is the structure/folds present in the mucosal surface of esophagus?
None
What is the structure/folds present in the mucosal surface of stomach?
Gastric pits
What is the structure/folds present in the mucosal surface of small intestine?
- Crypts of Lieberkuhn
- Microvilli
What is the structure/folds present in the mucosal surface of large intestine?
Intestinal glands
What are the specialized structures present in the submucosa of esophagus?
Submucosal mucous glands
What are the specialized structures present in the submucosa of stomach?
None
What are the specialized structures present in the submucosa of duodenum?
Brunner’s glands
What are the specialized structures present in the submucosa of ileum?
Peyer’s Patches
What are the specialized structures present in the submucosa of large intestine?
None
How many smooth muscle layers are present in the muscular layer of esophagus? What is the smooth muscle’s conformation?
2, circular and longitudinal
How many smooth muscle layers are present in the muscular layer of stomach? What is the smooth muscle’s conformation?
3, oblique, circular, and longitudinal
How many smooth muscle layers are present in the muscular layer of small intestine? What is the smooth muscle’s conformation?
2, circular and longitudinal
How many smooth muscle layers are present in the muscular layer of large intestine? What is the smooth muscle’s conformation?
2, circular and longitudinal
Among the parts of the digestive system, which has visceral peritoneum as their serosa layer?
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
Among the parts of the digestive system, which has adventitia as their serosa layer?
- Esophagus
- Anus
Why does the esophagus has adventitia instead of serosa?
Esophagus is not in a cavity.
Meissner’s plexus is present in what organ and what layer?
Esophagus; submucosa
In the muscularis externa of esophagus, the upper one third has what fibers?
Skeletal fibers
In the muscularis externa of esophagus, the middle one third has what fibers?
Skeletal and smooth fibers (Mixed)
In the muscularis externa of esophagus, the lower one third have what fiber?
Smooth fibers
Give the type of connective tissue of adventitia layer of esophagus.
Loose areolar connective tissue
Stomach is divided into three histological regions on the basis of ?
Nature of glands
What are the three regions of stomach?
- Cardiac
- Fundic (fundus & body)
- Pyloric
Mucous secreting cardiac glands are present in what layer of stomach? Give also the specific sublayer of your answer. (2 answers)
Mucosa; lamina propria
Give the type of epithelium of serosa layer of stomach.
Simple squamous epithelium
Give the cells of fundic region of stomach.
- Mucous neck cells
- Parietal (oxyntic) cells
- Chief (peptic/zymogen cells)
- Enteroendocrine cells
- Undifferentiated cells
What is the conformation of inner muscularis externa of stomach? the middle? the outer?
oblique; circular; longitudinal
Deeper gastric pits are present in what region of stomach?
Pyloric region
The inner circular layer of muscularis externa of pyloric region of stomach is thickened to form ?
Pyloric sphincter
What are the characteristic features of mucosal layer of small intestine ?
- Plicae circularis (valves of Kerkring)
- Villi & Microvilli
- Goblet cells (few)
- Crypts of Liberkuhn (intestinal glands)
- Glands are lined by columnar cells, goblet cells, paneth cells, & enteroendocrine cells
In jejunum, villi are in what shape?
Tongue-shaped
All regions of small intestine have Brunner’s glands. True or False?
False, only duodenum
Peyer’s Patches is present in what layer of ileum? Give the specific sublayer of your answer. (2 answers)
Mucosa; lamina propria
Describe the villi in the ileum.
Short and finger-like
In the mucosal layer of large intestine, there are Plicae circulares and villi. True or False?
False
Give the 3 specialized structures of mucosal layer of large intestine.
- Microvilli
- Crypts of Lieberkuhn
- Goblet cells
Between inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of muscularis externa of large intestine, which forms Taena coli?
Outer longitudinal layer
The inner circular layer of muscularis externa of large intestine is thicker compared to small intestine. True or False?
False, thinner
In adventitia layer of large intestine, peritoneum forms pouch like processes filled with fat. This is called ?
Appendices epiploicae
This is a small blind-ending diverticulum.
Vermiform appendix
Intestinal villi are usually present in vermiform appendix. True or False?
False, absent.
Crypts are poorly formed in vermiform appendix. True or False?
True
In vermiform appendix, muscularis externa is thick. True or False?
False, thin.
Is there taenia coli in vermiform appendix?
None
Is there taenia coli in rectum?
None
Are there appendices epiploicae in rectum?
None
A continuous coat of longitudinal muscle is present in rectum. True or False?
True
Describe the intestinal glands in rectum.
Straight, like test tubes.
The upper part of anal canal has what kind of epithelium ?
Simple columnar epithelium
The middle part of anal canal has what kind of epithelium ?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
The lower part of anal canal is covered by what ?
True skin
In the mucosal layer of anal canal, there are longitudinal folds called ?
Anal columns
In the mucosal layer of anal, there are small folds between anal columns called ?
Pectinate line
In mucosal layer of anal canal, crypts disappear below this line. What is the line?
Pectinate line
Muscularis externa-circular muscle forms involuntary ____ ____ ____.
Internal anal sphincter
