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HISTOLOGY LEC > TOPIC 2 - EPITHELIUM > Flashcards

TOPIC 2 - EPITHELIUM Flashcards

1
Q

Main type of epithelium that covers outer surfaces of body and lines internal body.

A

Covering and Lining Epithelium

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2
Q

Main type of epithelium that contains cells specialized for secretion.

A

Glandular epithelium

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3
Q

3 functions of basal lamina

A

Structure, organization, filtration

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4
Q

Most apical junction in epithelium that forms bands which complete encircle each cell; membranes of adjacent cells fuse to seal off the intercellular space.

A

Zona occludens (tight junctions)

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5
Q

This interstitial junction are composed of cadherin and catenin proteins that provide adhesion between adjacent cells; Actin filaments in cytoplasm insert into attachment plaques.

A

Zona adherens

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6
Q

Spot adhesions between cells. They line up on adjacent cells and has super strong attachment points between cells.

A

Macula adherens

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7
Q

It attaches epithelial cells to basal lamina.

A

Hemidesmosomes

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8
Q

Occur almost anywhere along lateral surfaces of epithelial cells and also in other cells such as cardiac muscle cells; has protein channel connections with central pores allowing ions & other small molecules to pass through to adjacent cells to facilitate communication.

A

Gap junction

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9
Q

Other term for Zonula Adherens

A

Belt desmosome

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10
Q

5 characteristics of epithelium

A
  1. Basal lamina
  2. Cohesive
  3. Variation in shape and sizes
  4. Avascular
  5. Polarity
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11
Q

What are the protein channels with central pores connecting plasma membranes?

A

Connexons

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12
Q

This structure plus the cell coat equates to the brush border or striated border of epithelia; its purpose is to increase the surface area for absorption or secretion

A

Microvilli

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13
Q

The central core of microvilli is made up of ?

A

Actin microfilaments

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14
Q

Since the microvilli has actin microfilaments, it waves back and forth like cilia. True or False?

A

False

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15
Q

Long non-motile microvilli found in parts of male reproductive system.

A

Stereocilia

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16
Q

Much longer than microvilli. Moves back and forth to propel fluid along the epithelial surface.

A

Cilia

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17
Q

It is a 9+2 configuration of microtubules contained in cilia.

A

Axoneme

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18
Q

How is covering/lining epithelium categorized?

A
  1. Shape of superficial cells
  2. Number of cell layers
  3. Presence of specialized structures
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19
Q

Type of epithelia that is more wider than longer and is flattened.

A

Squamous

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20
Q

Type of epithelia that has the same width and height.

A

Cuboidal

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21
Q

Type of epithelia that is more longer than wider.

A

Columnar

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22
Q

Means one layer of cells

A

Simple

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23
Q

Means two or more layers of cells

A

Stratified

24
Q

This term refers to all cells are in contact with basal lamina but not all cells reach lumen.

A

Pseudostratified

25
Q

A stratified epithelium that changes in shape in response to stretching; appears cuboidal when relaxed and squamous when stretched.

A

Transitional

26
Q

Type of squamous epithelium that lines blood and lymphatic vessels.

A

Endothelium

27
Q

Type of simple squamous epithelium lining the serous cavities such as Pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum.

A

Mesothelium

28
Q

Duct linings of pancreas has what type of epithelium?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

29
Q

The epithelium of the small intestine is ?

A

Simple columnar

30
Q

This type of epithelia can be found in respiratory with goblet cells and cilia.

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

31
Q

Mucous membranes are composed of what type of epithela?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

32
Q

This type of epithelia can be seen in the linings of larger duct of pancreas.

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

33
Q

This type of epithelia covers skin that is thin and needs protection,

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

34
Q

This type of epithelia is present in skin areas that are always moist.

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

35
Q

What are the 3 types of glandular epithelia?

A
  1. Mucous goblet cell
  2. Exocrine gland
  3. Endocrine gland
36
Q

Is mucous goblet cells unicellular or multi-cellular?

A

Unicellular

37
Q

This type of glandular epithelia retains connection with epithelial surface; and secretes hormones through ducts

A

Exocrine gland

38
Q

This type of glandular epithelia has no connection with surface epithelium; and hormones are secreted through blood.

A

Endocrine gland

39
Q

What are the 3 methods of secretion in exocrine glands?

A
  1. Merocrine
  2. Holocrine
  3. Apocrine
40
Q

Method of exocrine secretion: Secretory granules leave cells by exocytosis from secretory cells into epithelial-walled ducts and then onto the bodily surface or into the lumen.

A

Merocrine

41
Q

Method of exocrine secretion: Entire cell disintegrates to secrete its substance.

A

Holocrine

42
Q

Method of exocrine secretion: Portion of secreting cell’s body (apical cytoplasm) is lost during secretion

A

Apocrine

43
Q

Give an example of holocrine gland.

A

Sebaceous gland

44
Q

Give an example of apocrine gland.

A

Mammary gland

45
Q

Give atleast 5 examples of glandular epithelial CELLS.

Note: glandular epithelia is different from glandular epithelial cells.

A
  1. Ion-transporting cells
  2. Serous secretory cells
  3. Mucous secretory cells
  4. Neuroendocrine cells
  5. Myoepithelial cells
46
Q

This glandular epithelial cells has deep invaginations of basal cell membranes and has its mitochondria located in basal cytoplasm.

A

Ion-transporting cells

47
Q

Give an example of ion-transporting cells.

A

Proximal tubules in kidney.

48
Q

This glandular epithelial cell has large rounded nucleus and abundant rough ER, Golgi and secretory granules.

A

Serous secretory cells

49
Q

What are the examples of serous secretory cells?

A
  1. Pancreatic acinar cells
  2. Serous cells
50
Q

This glandular epithelial cell has abundant rough ER, Golgi and secretory granules and produce mucins.

A

Mucous secretory cells

51
Q

Give the locations of mucous secretory cells?

A
  1. mucous cells in stomach
  2. goblet cells in small and large intestine
  3. mucous cells in salivary glands
52
Q

Neuroendocrine cells are localized in the brain. True or False?

A

False, it is scattered throughout the body.

52
Q

This glandular epithelial cell has dense secretory granules in cytoplasm that contain polypeptides and/or amines (like epinephrine and norepinephrine).

A

Neuroendocrine cells

53
Q

This glandular epithelial cell is spindle-shaped and found in glandular epithelial between basal lamina and basal cytoplasm.

A

Myoepithelial cells

54
Q

“Octopus on a rock” gland

A

Myoepithelial cells

55
Q

Myoepithelial cell contains actin. True or False?

A

True

HISTOLOGY LEC (20 decks)

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