TOPIC 17 - MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
Components of male reproductive system
- Testes
- Genital ducts
- Accessory glands
- Penis
What is the dual function of testes?
To produce spermatozoa & hormones
One of the metabolites of testosterone that is necessary for the physiology of men.
Dihydrotestosterone
Each testes is surrounded by a thick capsule of dense connective tissue called ?
Tunica vaginalis
T. albuginea is thicken on the ____ surface of the testis to form ____ ____.
posterior, mediastinum testis
This structure is where fibrous septa penetrate the gland, dividing it into about 250 pyramidal compartments called the testicular lobules.
Mediastinum testis
The testicular septa is complete. True or False?
False, incomplete.
In testes, this produces male reproductive cells, spematozoa.
Seminiferous tubules
Approximately how many seminiferous tubules are present in each testicle ?
250 to 1000
The combined length of the tubules of one testis is about ?
250 meters
The seminiferous tubules are convoluted and have the form of loops at whose ends the lumen narrows and continues in short segments, known as ?
Straight tubules/Tubuli recti
The straight tubules/tubuli recti connect the seminiferous tubules to an anastomosing labyrinth of epithelium-lined channels called ?
Rete testis
About 10 to 20 ____ ____ connect the rete testis to the cephalic portion of the epididymis.
Ductuli efferentes
The seminiferous tubules are lined with a complex stratified epithelium called ?
Germinal/seminiferous epithelium
The outer wall of seminiferous tubules are surrounded by what type of connective tissue ?
Fibrous connective tissue
The innermost layer of seminiferous tubules, adhering to basal lamina, is consists of flattened ____ cells.
Myoid
The process by which spermatozoids are formed.
Spermatogenesis
Primitive germ cell of male
Spermatogonium
Final stage of production of spermatozoids
Spermiogenesis
The spermatids can be distinguished by their small size (7 to 8 m in diameter) and by nuclei with areas of condensed ____.
chromatin
Cell division occurs during spermiogenesis. True or False?
False
Spermiogenesis is a complex process. What are these processes ?
- Formation of acrosome
- Condensation and elongation of the nucleus
- Loss of much of the cytoplasm
The end result of spermiogenesis is ?
Spermatozoon
Division of each secondary spermatocyte results in 2 cells that contain ____ chromosomes, named as ____.
23, spermatids
S phase occurs between the first and second meiotic divisions of spermatocytes. True or False?
False
In spermatids, small periodic granules are present in Golgi complex and is termed as ?
Proacrosomal granules
The ____ migrate to a position near the cell surface and opposite the forming acrosome.
Centrioles
In golgi complex of spermatids, proacrosomal granules subsequently coalesce to form a single ____ ____ within a membrane limited ____ ____.
acrosomal granule, acrosomal vesicle
The last stage of Golgi phase of spermatids happens when ____ ____ begins to form and the centrioles migrate back toward the nucleus, spinning out axonemal components as they move.
flagellar axoneme
Cells that are elongated and pyramidal and are partially envelops of spermatogenic lineage.
Sertoli cells
Tubuli recti, rete testis, and ductuli efferentes are collectively known as ?
Intratesticular genital ducts
These ducts carry spermatozoa and liquid from the seminiferous tubules to the ductus epididymis.
Intratesticular genital ducts
Tubuli recti empty into the rete testis. True or False?
True
Rete testis is lined with what type of epithelium ?
Cuboidal epitheliumm
From the ductuli efferentes extend the rete testis. True or False ?
False, other way around.
Intratesticular genital ducts both contain non-ciliated cuboidal cells and ciliated cells. True or False?
True
Ductus epididymis, ductus deferens. and urethra are collectively known as ?
Excretory genital ducts
Epididymis is lined by what type of epithelium ?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
The surface of epithelium of epididymis is covered by long, branched, irregular microvilli called ?
Stereocilia
A straight tube with a thick, muscular wall, continues towards the prostatic urethra and empties into it.
Ductus deferens
Ductus deferens is lined by what type of epithelium ?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
Wide lumen is present in ductus deferens. True or False?
False, narrow
The ductus deferens forms part of spermatic cord. Spermatic cord is comprised of ?
- Testicular artery
- Pampiniform plexus
- Nerves
Before ductus deferens enters the prostate, it dilates first forming a region called the ?
Ampulla
At the final portion of the ampulla, the ____ ____ join the duct.
Seminal vesicles
The ductus deferens enters the prostate, opening into the prostatic urethra. The segment entering the prostate is called the ?
Ejaculatory duct
The mucous layer of the ductus deferens continues through the ampulla into the ejaculatory duct, but the ____ layer ends after the ampulla.
muscle
Two highly tortuous tubes that has a folded mucosa that is lined with cuboidal or pseudostratified columnar epithelium rich in secretory granules.
Seminal vesicles
Seminal vesicles are approximately how long ?
15 cm.
The seminal vesicles are reservoir for spermatozoa. True or False?
False
Give some examples of spermatozoa-inactivating substances.
- Carbohydrates
- Citrate
- Inositol
- Prostaglandins
Collection of 30-50 branched tubuloalveolar glands on which their ducts empty into prostatic urethra.
Prostate
Distinct zone of prostate that occupies 25%.
Central zone
Distinct zone of prostate that occupies 70% and is the major site of prostatic cancer.
Peripheral zone
Distinct zone of prostate that has medical importance because it is the site at which most benign prostatic hyperplasia originates.
Transition zone
The tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate are formed by what type of epithelium ?
Cuboidal/pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What are the main components of penis ?
- Three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue
- Urethra
- Skin
Two of the cylinders of penis are placed dorsally. What do you call these cylinders ?
Corpora cavernosa of the penis
The cylinder of erectile tissue of penis that is located ventrally and surrounds the urethra.
Corpus cavernosum of the urethra/Corpus spongiosum
At the end of corpus cavernosum/spongiosum, it dilates to form ?
Glans penis
Most of the penile urethra is lined with what type of epithelium ?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Glans penis is lined by what type of epithelium ?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Mucus-secreting ____ __ ____ are found throughout the length of the penile urethra.
glands of Littre
Retractile fold of the skin that contains connective tissue with smooth muscle in its interior.
Prepuce
The corpora cavernosa are covered by a resistant layer of dense connective tissue called ?
Tunica albuginea
