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HISTOLOGY LEC > TOPIC 14 - RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

TOPIC 14 - RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 principal regions of respiratory system?

A
  1. Conducting portion
  2. Respiratory portion
  3. Ventilating mechanism
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2
Q

Portion of respiratory system consisting of nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

A

Conducting portion

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3
Q

Portion of respiratory system consisting of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli

A

Respiratory bronchi

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4
Q

Portion of respiratory system which creates pressure differences that move air

A

Ventilating mechanism

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5
Q

Structures of ventilating mechanism includes ?

A
  1. Diaphragm
  2. Rib cage
  3. Intercostal muscles
  4. Abdominal muscles
  5. Elastic connective tissue in the lungs
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6
Q

It conducts air to alveoli in the lungs.

A

System of ducts

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7
Q

What are the functions of conducting portion?

A
  1. Conditioning of the air - warming, moistening
  2. Removal of particulate materials
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8
Q

What is the type of cartilage present in larynx, trachea, extrapulmonary, and intrapulmonary bronchi ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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9
Q

What are the specialized cells present in the epithelium of structures of conducting portion?

A
  1. Ciliated cells
  2. Goblet cells
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10
Q

Are lungs elastic?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Changes in epithelium occurs from the nasal cavity to the alveoli of the lungs. True or False?

A

Trueq

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12
Q

What are the following epitheliums that can be observed in conducting portion?

A

Pseudostratified columnar => simple columnar => simple cuboidal => simple squamous

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13
Q

Part of the throat behind the nasal passage

A

Nasopharynx

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14
Q

Nasopharynx is connected to the ear by two openings found on each side of the nasopharynx called ____ ____.

A

Eustachian tubes

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15
Q

Histologically, what are the three layers of nasopharynx? (innermost to outermost)

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Adventitia
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16
Q

The mucosal layer of nasopharynx is consists of 2 structures. What are those ?

A
  1. Lamina propria
  2. Epithelium
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17
Q

These are the glands present in submucosal layer of nasopharynx.

A

Seromucous glands

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18
Q

The layer that separates the nasopharynx from the surrounding tissues.

A

Adventitia

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19
Q

Among the 3 layers of nasopharynx, which has connective tissue?

A
  1. Submucosa
  2. Adventitia
  3. Mucosa (lamina propria)
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20
Q

What are the two main types of epithelium in the nasopharynx ?

A
  1. Squamous epithelium
  2. Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified - i think)
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21
Q

The lamina propria of mucosal layer of nasopharynx is consists of what type of connective tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue

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22
Q

Larynx is a tube kept open by what types of cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic (epiglottis)
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23
Q

What is the type of mucosal epithelium of larynx?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells

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24
Q

This is the epithelium found in the epiglottis and the vocal folds.

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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25
Q

What is the mucosal epithelium of trachea ?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells

26
Q

The submucosa of trachea contains mixed glands. True or False?

A

True

27
Q

How many C-shaped hyaline cartilages re present in trachea ?

A

20

28
Q

The two main extrapulmonary bronchi is histologically different to the trachea. True or False?

A

False

29
Q

What constitutes the intrapulmonary bronchi?

A
  1. Primary bronchi
  2. Secondary bronchi
  3. Tertiary bronchi
30
Q

Primary bronchi is also known as ?

A

Lobar bronchi

31
Q

Secondary bronchi is also known as ?

A

Segmental bronchi

32
Q

Tertiary bronchi is also known as ?

A

Interlobular bronchi

33
Q

The intrapulmonary bronchi has what type of epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing cilia and goblet cells

34
Q

There is presence of smooth muscle between mucosa and cartilage of intrapulmonary bronchi. True or False?

A

True

35
Q

Regular-shaped cartilaginous plates are present tin intrapulmonary bronchi. True or False?

A

False, irregularr

36
Q

What is the smallest branch of bronchi?

A

Bronchioles

37
Q

Preterminal bronchiole penetrate lobules at its ____ and enter inside the lobule, branches into ____ bronchioles.

A

apex, terminxal

38
Q

What is the epithelium present in the larger bronchioles ?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

39
Q

What is the epithelium present in small bronchioles ?

A

Tall cuboidal epithelium

40
Q

In bronchioles, goblet cells are present. True or False?

A

False

41
Q

These are tall, non-ciliated secretory cells that produce surfactant. Present in bronchioles.

A

Cells of Clara

42
Q

Glands and cartilage are present in bronchioles. True or False?

A

False

43
Q

The respiratory portion lie inside in ?

A

Lung lobules

44
Q

In comparison with conducting portion, respiratory portion is consists of bigger ducts and sacs. True or False?

A

False, smaller

45
Q

The actual gas exchange takes place in ?

A

Alveoli

46
Q

These are thin bulging sacs present in walls of respiratory bronchioles.

A

Alveoli

47
Q

These are long air passages in respiratory bronchiole.

A

Alveolar ducts

48
Q

Round air spaces surrounded by clusters of alveoli

A

Alveolar sacs

49
Q

The connective tissue that separates neighboring alveoli

A

Interalveolar septa

50
Q

It provides direct contact between 2 alveoli.

A

Alveolar pores

51
Q

It decreases surface tension in alveoli preventing their collapsing.

A

Surfactant

52
Q

What are the two types of cells present in the epithelium of alveoli ?

A
  1. Pneumocyte type 1
  2. Pneumocyte type 2
53
Q

Other term for pneuomocyte type 1

A

Alveolocytes

54
Q

Alveolocytes consitutes for what type of epithelium in alveoli?

A

Simple squamous alveolar epithelium

55
Q

The type of cell in epithelium of alveoli that produces surfactant.

A

Pneumocyte type 2

56
Q

These structures provide barrier between air and blood.

A
  1. Cytoplasm of epithelium lining the alveoli
  2. Basal lamina of the epithelium
  3. Basal lamina of the capillary endothelium
  4. Cytoplasm of capillary endothelium
57
Q

____ arteries supply walls of bronchi and connective tissue.

A

Bronchial

58
Q

Other term for alveolar macrophages

A

Dust cells

59
Q

Dust cells are present in enclosed alveolus. True or False?

A

False, present only in cavity.

60
Q

What is the structural and functional unit of the lung?

A

Acinus

61
Q

Lymphatic system of respiratory system run in ?

A

Run in connective tissue of the lungs visceral pleura, interlobular septa and dense connective tissue surrounding the bronchi and bronchioles, arteries and veins.

62
Q

Blood vessels are present in interalveolar septa. True or False?

A

False

HISTOLOGY LEC (20 decks)

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